Appraising the Secretaries at Sweetwater University Essay Example for Free

Assessing the Secretaries at Sweetwater University Essay 1.What is PC? - Computer is an electronic gadget that is intended to work with Information.The term ‘computer is gotten from the Latin expression ‘computare’, this way to calculate.Computer can do nothing without a Program.it speaks to the decimal numbers through a string of paired digits. PC is a progressed electronic gadget that accepts crude information as contribution from the client and procedures these information heavily influenced by set of directions (called program) and gives the outcome (yield) and spares yield for the future use. It can process both numerical and non-numerical (math and consistent) computations. 2.Four elements of PC - The four essential elements of a PC are input, handling, yield and capacity. Info is the data which is gone into the PC. Preparing is performing procedure on or controlling information. Yield is the consequence of the information preparing. Capacity alludes to gadgets that can hold the information when the PC is deactivated. 3.Computer framework - An arrangement of interconnected PCs that share a focal stockpiling framework and different fringe gadgets, for example, a printers, scanners, or switches. Every PC associated with the framework can work freely, however can speak with other outside gadgets and PCs. 4.Classifications of PC as per 3 gadgets (1) Micro PCs: These PCs utilize a microchip chip and this chip is utilized rather than CPU implies that this chip fills in as a CPU. These PCs are additionally called PCs. Two significant kinds of these PCs are PC or Desktop PCs. Just a single client utilizes these PCs at time that is the reason they are otherwise called PCs. (2) Mini Computers: These are ground-breaking PC. These PCs appear in 1960s around then centralized computer PC was expensive. Smaller than expected PCs were accessible in modest costs, so clients begin utilizing it. (3) Mainframe Computer: It as an exceptionally incredible and huge PC. You can getâ idea of its capacity as it can deal with preparing of numerous clients one after another. Terminals are utilized to interface a client to this PC and clients submit there task through centralized server. Terminal is a gadget which has console and a screen. By utilizing terminal clients put contributions to the PC and get the yield through screen. (4) Super Computers: As the name super PC indicates that these are most remarkable PCs even than centralized computer. All things considered, when we improve a centralized server PC then we get super PC. 5. History of PC The word ‘computer’ initially inferred an individual, who, under guidelines from a mathematician, performed mechanical computations. Mechanical computing gadgets, for example, the math device were regularly put to use to help this procedure. Toward the finish of the Middle Ages, science and building in Europe got an impressive lift, consequently prompting the innovation of various mechanical ascertaining gadgets. The innovation for precision was created by the mid seventeenth century. The period between the mid nineteenth century and mid twentieth century saw the advancement of various advances which would be essential for the improvement of the computerized PC later on. A few models are the punched card and the valve. Charles Babbage was the primary individual to plan a completely programmable PC as right on time as 1837. Notwithstanding, he couldn't really develop his PC because of an assortment of reasons. Simple PCs were progressively utilized in the principal half of the twentieth century for various logical processing needs. Be that as it may, they got out of date after the improvement of the advanced PC. The main computerized PC was the Atanasoff Berry Computer . It utilized a twofold arrangement of math, equal preparing, a partition of memory and registering capacities and regenerative memory. Paired math and electronic circuits †the two of which are utilized in today’s PCs †were first utilized in the Atanasoff Berry Computer. In the 1930’s and 1940’s, more up to date and increasingly effective PCs were consistently evolved. Progressively, they came to have the key highlights which are available in current PCs †computerized gadgets and adaptability of programming. Among the more significant machines to be created during this time, the American ENIAC was noticeable. It was a universally useful machine, however had an unbendable engineering. Later a far prevalent procedure known as the put away program engineering wasâ developed. It is the establishment from which every single present day PC are inferred. All through the 1950’s, PC structure [http://www.online-computers.info] was basically valve driven. This was later supplanted by transistor-driven plan in the 1960’s. Transistor-based PCs were littler, quicker and less expensive, and thus economically feasible. Coordinated circuit innovation, embraced in the 1970’s empowered PC creation expenses to hit an extraordinary failure, so that even people could bear the cost of them. That was the introduction of the PC, as today is known. 6.Examples of Input,Output Devices: *Manual-Abacus,Slide rule,Leibiniz’z Calculator,Napier’s bones,Pascal calculator,Babbage’s Analytical motor *Electronic-Unversal programmed computer,Electronic deferred capacity programmed calculator,Electronic discrete variable programmed computer,Electronic numerical integrator and calculator,Atanossof-Berry PC *Electromechanical-Automatic grouping controlled calculator,Jacquard’s Loom, Hollerith’s punched-card machine

Health Disparities Between Wealthier Americans And Their...

Although the overall health of the United States population has improved, large disparities in terms of health outcome and access to healthcare exist between wealthier Americans and their â€Å"poorer counterparts primarily because of differences in education, behavior, and environment.† (Longest, 2015, p8). Access to health care and other services is associated with wealth, employment, education and power. Higher education, which translates to higher income, allows people to buy healthier food, live in safer, cleaner neighborhood and access the best healthcare possible. Power on the other hand permits people to secure health for themselves and their families, while others without power have limited or no access to the resources they need to be†¦show more content†¦The Great Depression in the 1930’s had been followed by a period of growing income inequality and a shrinking middle class. Due to the economic conditions, Income disparities in access to health care had grown much worse, medical costs were rising, and sickness became a leading cause of poverty. Since few people could afford to pay for medical care welfare agencies began to help pay for medical costs for the poor. By â€Å"1940, the population of the united states was 132 million with only 12 million – a little less than 10 percent covered by some form of health insurance†( Scofea, 1994). The growing concern of the increase in the number of people who are uninsured led to the enactment of the Stabilization act in 1942, which imposed wage and price controls but at the same time permitted the adoption of employee insurance plans. The federal government enacted this legislation to prevent employers from raising wages in order to compete for scarce labor in response to the inflation pressure of the wartime economy. Furthermore, the government provided private insurers with a new market for their products by permitting employers to offer health insurance to their emplo yees. In the years that followed, the government passed several regulations that helped reinforced the institutionalization of the employment-based system of health insurance that

How to Avoid Plagiarism in Journalism

Weve all heard about plagiarism in one field or another. It seems like every other week there are stories about students, writers, historians, and songwriters plagiarizing the work of others. But, most disturbingly for journalists, there have been a number of high-profile cases in recent years of plagiarism by reporters. For instance, in 2011 Kendra Marr, a transportation reporter for Politico was forced to resign after her editors discovered at least seven stories in which shed lifted material from articles in competing news outlets. Marrs editors got wind of what was happening from a New York Times reporter who alerted them to similarities between his story and one Marr had done. Marrs story serves as a cautionary tale for young journalists. A recent graduate of Northwestern Universitys journalism school, Marr was a rising star who had already worked at The Washington Post before moving to Politico in 2009. The problem is, the temptation to plagiarize is greater than ever because of the Internet, which places a seemingly infinite amount of information just a mouse-click away. But the fact that plagiarism is easier means reporters must be more vigilant in guarding against it. So what do you need to know to avoid plagiarism in your reporting? Lets define the term. What Is Plagiarism? Plagiarism means claiming someone elses work is your own by putting it in your story without attribution or credit. In journalism, plagiarism can take several forms: Information: This involves using information that another reporter has gathered without crediting that information to the reporter or to his or her publication. An example would be a reporter who uses specific details about a crime - say, the color of a murder victims shoes - in his story that comes, not from the police, but from an article done by another reporter.Writing: If a reporter writes a story in a particularly distinctive or unusual way, and another reporter copies passages from that story into his own article, thats an example of plagiarizing writing.Ideas: This occurs when a journalist, usually a columnist or news analyst, advances a novel idea or theory about an issue in the news, and another reporter copies that idea. Avoiding Plagiarism So how do you avoid plagiarizing another reporters work? Do Your Own Reporting: The easiest way to avoid plagiarism is by doing your own reporting. That way you avoid the temptation to steal information from another reporters story, and youll have the satisfaction of producing work that is entirely your own. But what if another reporter gets a scoop, a juicy bit of information that you dont have? First, try to get the information yourself. If that fails...Give Credit Where Credit Is Due: If another reporter digs up a piece of information you cant get on your own, then you must attribute that information to that reporter or, more commonly, to the news outlet that reporter works for.Check Your Copy: Once youve written your story, read it several times to make sure you havent used any information that isnt your own. Remember, plagiarism is not always a conscious act. Sometimes it can creep into your story without your even being aware of it, simply by using information that youve read on a website or in a newspaper. Go over the facts in your story and ask yourself: Did I gather this myself?

Notes On Management And Leadership - 1390 Words

Management and Leadership Sheryl Gregory, James Hummer, Dalton Kephart and Katrina McIntyre BMAL501-B04 Liberty University Management and Leadership OVERVEIW Leadership of today is different than what it was several years ago. In the past, â€Å"leadership† was more concerned with the bottom line than shaping the people and organization to ensure its continued success. Leadership and management are two very different topics; however, many people subscribe there is no differentiation. From a Christian perspective, leadership and managerial applications must rest upon scriptural truth and divine authority. Today, coupled with Christian beliefs and ethics, development and effective utilization of key skills and concepts influences how successful a person will be in leading an organization, department, division or small group. ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT Anita Satterlee writes, â€Å"Organizational management is a subset of management and is the art of applying general principles of systematic planning and problem solving to skillfully direct and supervise united efforts to meet the organizational goals.† (Satterlee, 2013) Given the various management levels, styles, functions and responsibilities, the historical context is rooted in managerial theories that cover the philosophies and strategies of men like Munsterberg, Maslow, Argyris, Fiedler, Juran and Senge. Management on the other hand includes the functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controllingShow MoreRelatedA Note On Leadership And Management Essay961 Words   |  4 Pagesto express my sincere appreciation to all the staff for your hard work in our company. As you know, the business has wound down because of the recent sluggish economy, and this would result in a workforce reduction. So, the board of directors and management of the corporation have to make a difficult and challenging decision that we need to lay 20% staff off to continue growing the company. We will consider carefully and make the appropriate decision, and this layoff does not show that the listed peopleRead MoreNotes On Leadership And Management Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pages NS 3 Leadership and Management Short Essay #1 25134737 Date Submitted â€Æ' For the longest, most people have defined leadership as a noble trait, a defining quality of great people that we read in our history books, that we hear in the news, and that we try our very best to emulate. In the modern day, through various theories and ideas, we have justified the definition of leadership, not as a singular characteristic but, as a set of abilities utilized by one to influence followersRead MoreNotes On Leadership And Management1494 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership versus Management 1. Define Management. Management is the organizational process that includes strategic planning, setting; objectives, managing resources, deploying the human and financial assets needed to achieve objectives, and measuring results. Management also includes recording and storing facts and information for later use or for others within the organization. Management is the process of reaching organizational goals by working with and through people and other organizationalRead MoreNotes On Leadership And Management888 Words   |  4 PagesMGMT IM153 Manufacturing Organization and Management. MAJOR PAPER LEADERSHIP and MANAGEMENT Leadership and management must go hand in hand. They are not the same thing. But they are necessarily linked, and complementary. Any effort to separate the two is likely to cause more problems than it solves. A manager’s role characterize a more controlled, structured, rule oriented, analytical and orderly sequenced. Whereas, the role of a leader indicates a more visionary, experimental, impassioned, unstructuredRead MoreNotes On Leadership And Management2832 Words   |  12 Pages1. Leadership and Management Leadership and management are 2 major concepts in the world of business and most likely to be confused with each others. This assignment tries to determine if there are any differences between the 2 concepts. 1.1 Leadership Definition Leadership has many different definitions, however, leadership in management is defined as the leader is the person who others are following, and to have followers it’s a process that needs an impact of that person on others to follow himRead MoreNotes On Leadership And Management2297 Words   |  10 PagesBBA 450 Final Betzanely Bueno Leadership and Management 1) Leadership tasks- †¢ Adopt a Vision: create or adopt a compelling vision that clearly describes the expectations of the team members. †¢ Motivate: inspire aligned individual and group goals by being the role model and by holding people accountable †¢ Manage: plan and set priorities and organize resources to achieve business outcomes and direct and monitor performance †¢ Foster teamwork: develop and sustain effective working relationships, createRead MorePersonal Note On Leadership And Management2196 Words   |  9 Pages Theme 1 1. Leadership and Management The Experience(s) After this lecture I could reanalyze my previous experience as buyer, where the company use to incentive each Procurement Professional to be a leader of their â€Å"Families†. As buyer I did not use just to buy, but lead all strategy about the purchase of that segment for whole company in the country, even I was not a manager. This was a great experience. Moreover, as part of the strategy, we had to interact to the leaders (internal clients) ofRead MoreA Short Note On Bsn Nursing Leadership And Management Course962 Words   |  4 Pagescolleagues. I was able to see general qualities, but not a true appreciate for the importance of teamwork and the strengths that other team players bring to the table to support concerted efforts of the nursing profession. The RN-BSN Nursing Leadership and Management course helped me improve in those areas and taught me how to distinguish qualities of fellow colleagues; as well as how to apply the right quality, to the right t ask. The class also taught me that individuals have unique skills, personalitiesRead MoreThe s Leadership Style And Its Impact On Ch2m Hill Company Essay890 Words   |  4 Pagesconstruction management in 1985. Despite negative responses from her male counterparts, she strived to remain faithful to her ambitions to make CH2M Hill one of the best run companies in the world. The essence of this research paper is to give Hinman’s leadership style and its impact on CH2M Hill Company. In this regard, it depicts her role as a transformational leader at the company I currently work for. Thesis statement: The incorporation of transformational and participative leadership has made CH2MRead MoreRoles And Responsibilities Of A Project1174 Words   |  5 Pagessystem used since the controller is responsible for configuring the system. Consequently, the delegation of roles and responsibilities is crucial to attaining the intended outcomes of a project. Some of the factors to be considered include expertise, leadership and experience. In addition, the role of networking and outsourcing, which may become part of a project, is analysed in the broader project fulfilment scope (Cadle Yeates, 2008). Sometimes, projects managers may engage in outsourcing in order

Molecular Ecology Resources for Surgical Randomized-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMolecular Ecology Resources for Surgical Randomized. Answer: Introduction Even though we might strive to make accurate and informed decisions, sometimes being biased is inevitable. This is because there are several factors that affect the way we perceive things. They distort and limit our perception leading to bias. This is often referred to as cognitive bias and it is human to have it. Our perception is influenced by several factors that drive us to the judgments we make.This means that the judgments we make in day to day lives are not always fair but affiliated or inclined towards a particular side(SILANI, G., Lamm, C., Ruff, C.C. and Singer, T., 2014, pp.76-80). Being bias means being inclined towards something. This article explores some of the factors that limit and distort our perception leading to bias. It also looks at the remedies that individuals and organizations can use to avoid bias. Factors that lead to bias There are a number of factors that will actually distort and limit how we perceive things and lead to bias. For instance, time will limit our perception. The time that a particular thing occurs determines how we perceive it. If for example, a particular person speaks last in a gathering our judgment is that the person is too prominent (SVENSSON, J., Mustafa, A., Fick, J., Schmitz, M. and Brunstrm, B., 2016, pp.44-50). Again, if a person is engaged in an interview for a longer duration than others, we perceive that the person particular person is great. Another factor that distorts our perception is past experience with someone. If for example you had an encounter with a particular person and saw how they behaved and how they presented themselves you get a positive attitude towards that person. When at one time asked about who can do a particular thing efficiently you will definitely mention that person as opposed to another person youve not met. Attitude is another factor that actually distorts our perception. Attitude simply means the state of mind. When we have a positive attitude towards a particular thing, we shall surely be inclined towards that particular thing. For instance, if you have a positive attitude towards strolling in the beaches and you are given options to a leisure activity you will definitely choose strolling in the beaches. Motive also affects our perception. Motive means an emotion that will make a particular person do something (ENOS, R.D. and Celaya, C., 2017, pp.89-90). Sometimes our emotions influence how we make decisions. If for example, you are judging a case between two people who were fighting and one of them is seriously hurt you are likely to be inclined towards the one who is hurt. Your emotion and sympathy are likely to make you lay hands on the one who is not hurt. Emotion makes you pity that particular person and makes decisions that are inclined towards that particular person. This is a good and solid evidence of the distortion of perception to make a biased judgment. Interest is another factor that limits and distorts our perception. This is to mean that you will always make decisions influenced by your passion. There is no way a particular person will decide to do something that does not please his or her heart. For instance, if a person prefers taking juice to porridge and is asked to suggest a drink after a lunch session is likely to request juice rather than porridge. This is a decision influenced so much by interest and passion.Again, if making choices for oneself; one is likely to be much influenced by his interests which will hinder making accurate decisions. Another factor that will limit our perception is our expectation (AGHA, R.A., 2017, pp.6-7). Expectation makes us make a prior judgment about how a particular thing is likely to happen. How we make decisions is influenced by what we expect from particular people. If for instance, we expect a particular thing to happen in a particular manner, we shall make our decisions inclined to tha t expectation. If for instance, a teacher expects a particular student to pass the exam; his decision will be inclined towards that particular student and will always make affiliated decisions. Proximity is yet another factor that limits and distorts our perception. This means the state of being near to a particular thing or person, whether in terms of space, time or relationship. How much we are close to people affect our perception and judgment. For example, we are likely to incline towards our family members when judging a case or deciding the ratio of sharing capital (CHE-CASTALDO, C., Crisafulli, C.M., Bishop, J.G. and Fagan, W.F., 2015, pp.104-108). It is not even strange to see managers hire their family members to take top positions in organizations or promote them. We are also likely to choose our relatives to be among the top position stakeholders in an organization. Similarity also influences our decisions by limiting our perception to bring about bias. Similarity means the relation of sharing properties with a particular person. It also wont be strange to see a person asked to choose workmate and choose a former schoolmate because he or she believes that they ha ve some common traits due to common training. In simple terms, our decisions will always be inclined towards those who we share a commonality. The background is another factor that influences our decisions and leads to bias (DUCHNE, D. and Duchne, S., 2016, pp.54-57). In this context, bias means ones social heritage. This means that one is likely to favor a person of their own social heritage as opposed to those of another background. If for instance, a person hates a particular background due to his or her well known reasons, he or she is likely to make judgments against that background. For example, it is likely that an African judge in a European court will make judgements inclined to an Africans. Another key factor that influences our decision is sounds. The way a particular thing sounds will always influence the decision we make. For example, we will always make judgments on the state of anger of a person depending on the pitch of their voice. Again, if we are rating the danger of a scenario, we are likely to determine the magnitude of the scream by the affected victim. Strategies that individuals and organizations can undertake to avoid bias and perceptions which are distorted. It is important to know that even if there are factors that will influence how we perceive things and lead us to bias, there are ways to overcome this bias. It is very imperative to overcome bias so that we can make decisions that are not affiliated to a particular thing. This is what is called uninfluenced judgment.Hanging out with people who have better attitudes than can reduce our bias greatly(SCHMIDT, H.G., Mamede, S., Van den Berge, K., van Gog, T., 2016, pp.34-40). If for example, you have a negative attitude about the homeless, walking with a person who volunteers to work in the advantage of the homeless will help you get a better attitude towards them. This way will help you reduce your affiliation towards those who have homes. By so doing you will have avoided bias and you will be capable of making fair judgments. Making friends and interacting with people who you perceive as being different can also help you reduce bias. It is said that thoughts are influenced by behavior. If for example you dont like old people and you associate yourself with them or people who like them you are likely to love them as time goes by. Appreciating the fact that we are all humans and that our brains make mistakes can help reduce bias. If for example, you become aware of the unconscious bias you will instantly reduce the bias of generalization and stereotypes. It is important that we accept the fact that as human beings we are at times biased based on generalization and work towards mitigating it. Therefore, accepting this fact will slowly waft out this bias. Organizations also ought to establish clear criteria before making decisions so that the bias can be taken out of the decision-making process (GOODMAN, D.B., Church, G.M. and Kosuri, S., 2015, pp.56-70). This includes and is not limited to hiring and promotion of employees and other organization staff. By so doing, we avoid affiliations and are able to make just decisions. Organizations have to also hold decision makers accountable for the decision made. This will include the outcomes, whether negative or positive. The decision makers should be held responsible for any mess that occurs as a result of their decisions. This will actually reduce the inclination towards one side and lead to accurate decisions. Organizations can also make an employee screening so as to confidentially find out what is happening in every employee aspect process(JACKSON, B. and Campos, J., 2017, pp.87-91). The organization should take a keen interest on how resumes are screened, how hiring and employee promotion is done so as to know whether there is bias in any stage. By so doing the organization will be aware whether there is transparency in the activities that take place in the organization. This is the only sure way of dealing with bias in the acquisition and dealing with employees. Proper training of employees and leaders can also help an organization overcome bias. An organization ought to train its employees about the malpractices and their effects so as to reduce the effect of being bias. This can take the form of mentoring programs and benchmark among other ways. When this is done effectively, the company to a wider extent is able to avoid bias. Another way an organization can avoid being bias is pair training of best practices (DEL JUNCO, D.J., 2015, pp.76-80). For example, an organization can choose to hold interviews for employee recruitment and at the same time hold training of the moral uprightness that the absorbed employees are expected to show. This is one of the most effective ways to counteract bias. This is because employees hired will be already knowing what is expected of them and the consequences of breaching the moral standards. By so doing, the acquired employees will be free from any bias. An organization can also include practices that are aimed at changing the culture of the employees. This will ensure that the employees change their perception and drop their cultural judgments and are able to make accurate decisions (SCHLNS, H., Welling, H., Federici, J.R. and Lewejohann, L., 2017, pp.204-210). This can take the form of sensitizing on listening to others, giving credit to others and fair and balanced feedback. This helps the employees to have self-esteem as well as respect others opinions and give credit to them as well as appreciating their worth. Organizations can also reward employees who do their best in promoting diversity in the zeal to avoiding affiliation and bias. By so doing, these employees feel motivated and t is likely to get stronger and also influence the rest to adopt the same idea in promoting diversity. It is said that appreciating other peoples views and seeing their worth will reduce cognitive bias to a great extent. Conclusion Conclusively, it is a mere and undisputable fact that some factors like our expectations and attitude affects our perception and leads to bias. However, this should not frighten us so much as though there is no a way forward that will be used to lessen our biased decisions or completely waft them out of ourselves. We should, therefore, know that bias can be overcome in several ways which include appreciating others' worth and association with people who promote diversity. Although bias is human, it is important to avoid it, by all means, possible because there is always a consequence for every decision made. References AGHA, R.A. 2017. A Systematic Review of Surgical Randomized Controlled Trials: Part I. Risk of Bias and Outcomes: Common Pitfalls Plastic Surgeons Can Overcome.. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, , pp.6-7. CHE-CASTALDO, C., Crisafulli, C.M., Bishop, J.G. and Fagan, W.F. 2015. What causes female bias in the secondary sex ratios of the dioecious woody shrub Salix sitchensis colonizing a primary successional landscape?. American journal of botany, pp.104-108. DEL JUNCO, D.J. 2015. Seven deadly sins in trauma outcomes research: an epidemiologic post-mortem for major causes of bias.. The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, pp.76-80. DOMLIKSNK, J. 2015. Facors that cause of bias in indivinduals. An african journal of bias teachings, pp.76-82. DUCHNE, D. and S. DUCHNE. 2016. Tree imbalance causes a bias in phylogenetic estimation of evolutionary timescales using heterochronous sequences. Molecular ecology resources, pp.54-57. ENOS, R.D. and Celaya, C. 2017. Spatial segregation directly affects perception and causes intergroup bias. Working Paper).. Dealing with bias, pp.89-90. FUENTES, L.J., Sui, J., Estvez, A.F. and Humphreys, G.W. 2016. The differential outcomes procedure can overcome self-bias in perceptual matching.. Psychonomic bulletin review, , pp.65-70. GOODMAN, D.B., Church, G.M. and Kosuri, S. 2015. Causes and effects of N-terminal codon bias in bacterial genes.. managing cognitive bias, pp.56-70. JACKSON, B. and J. CAMPOS. 2017. Variation in the intensity of selection on codon bias over time causes contrasting patterns of base composition evolution in Drosophila. Genome biology and evolution, pp.87-91. JENNINGS, M. 2017. How did cross-cultural dynamics impact decision-making during the revision, endorsement, and implementation of the United Nations International Search and Rescue Guidelines?. how was cross-cultural bias overcome?, pp.34-40. SCHLNS, H., Welling, H., Federici, J.R. and Lewejohann, L. 2017. The glass is not yet half empty: agitation but not Varroa treatment causes cognitive bias in honey bees.. Animal cognition, pp.204-210. SCHMIDT, H.G., Mamede, S., Van den Berge, K., van Gog, T. 2016. Exposure to media information causes availability bias in medical diagnosis. How indivinduals approach bias, pp.34-40. SILANI, G., Lamm, C., Ruff, C.C. and Singer, T. 2014. Right supramarginal gyrus is crucial to overcome emotional egocentricity bias in social judgments. Journal of Neuroscience, pp.76-80. SVENSSON, J., Mustafa, A., Fick, J., Schmitz, M. and Brunstrm, B. 2016. Developmental exposure to progestins causes male bias and precocious puberty in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Aquatic Toxicology, pp.44-50. TALKE, K. 2014. How to overcome pro?change bias: incorporating passive and active innovation resistance in innovation decision models.. Journal of Product Innovation Management, , pp.667-670. VOINESKOS, S.H., Coroneos, C.J., Ziolkowski, N.I., Kaur, M.N., Banfield, L., Meade, M.O., Thoma, A., Chung, K.C. and Bhandari, M. 2016. A systematic review of surgical randomized controlled trials: Part I. Risk of bias and outcomes:. Common pitfalls plast, pp.90-100.

Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels Essay Example

Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels Essay Jonathan Swift was without a shadow of doubt a great pacifist, satirist, and moralist. Mainly through pamphletism, he criticized imperialism and war with ferocity. â€Å"Gulliver’s Travels†, first published in 1726, can be seen as Swift’s ultimate pacifist pamphlet, summing up his views concerning moral and sociopolitical justice. Although â€Å"Gulliver’s Travels† is cherished as a children’s book it has triggered an ardent debate among philosophers, political scientists and literary critics. For instance, part four â€Å"A voyage to the country of the Houyhnhnms† was, for a long time, regarded by literary critics as the writings of an immoral, misanthropic, and obscene monster. According to Clubb, this view derives from a too literal interpretation of the allegory and from the common fallacy that Gulliver’s opinions reflect Swift’s (Clubb, 117). Indeed, the first key to understanding â€Å"Gulliver’s Travels† is to discriminate Swift’s moral and political outlook from Captain Gulliver’s accounts. For instance, the latter sees the Houyhnhnms as ideal beings who are governed by the principles of reason and truth, and are completely ignorant of the evils of controversy, dispute, and falsehood. In contrast, Swift seems to indicate that it should be rather dull and stifling to live in the utopic society of the Houyhnhnms. In this respect, the wise, but still human, Brobdingnagians introduced in part two of â€Å"Gulliver’s Travels† are more likely to represent Swift’s ideal beings. However, in terms of connection to the contemporary society, Swift’s illustration of Lilliputs’ community is as much controversial and problematic as our daily world. We will write a custom essay sample on Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This interpretation conforms to the reading provided by misanthropology. Misanthropology is named after the study of the cussedness of human nature and aims to investigate all sorts of human vices. In particular, misanthropy is viewed as the typical position of a disillusioned Utopian, whose former faith takes the form of unremitting contempt. According to Morson, Gulliver is clearly an Utopian who becomes disillusioned and eventually misanthropic. The visit to the land of the Brobdingnags teaches Gulliver to appreciate the physical and moral deformity of human beings. The king exposes the cultural misanthropology to Gulliver, whereas the country’s most beautiful women teach him its physical facet for being filthy and repulsive due to their size. However, Gulliver’s experience in Houyhnhnmland impedes him from drawing the right lesson from cultural and physical misanthropology. The close connection of his Utopianism with his misanthropy is also clear in the letter to th e editor. Gulliver complains that neither his accounts nor his social prescriptions produce any improvement in British society. Accordingly, Morson views â€Å"Gulliver’s Travels† as both misanthropic and a satire on misanthropy, for Swift demonstrates that he despises humanity for such vices as misanthropy (Morson, 56). At first sight, part one of â€Å"Gulliver’s Travels† seems to be a fairy tale about a giant dwelling with midgets. However, it contains clear innuendoes about the politics of the reign of Queen Anne, such as the feud between England and France. Furthermore, a flavor of Swift’s ideal model of justice is hinted at when Gulliver describes the laws and customs of Lilliput.   Gulliver’s Travels is neither the first nor the last literary work to discuss and stigmatize the legal system. In fact, Posner (1988) examines the legal contents in other classics such as William Shakespeare’s â€Å"The Merchant of Venice†, Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s â€Å"The Brothers Karamazov†, and Franz Kafka’s â€Å"The Trial†.   Capital punishment is recommended to fraudulent individuals because honest people are defenseless against fraud, whereas prudence and care suffice to mitigate the likelihood of thefts. Contemporary society debates over the pressing public issue of death penalty. From the critical perspective, Swift might have envisioned the controversial character of this ethical dilemma though for the eighteenth century England capital punishment was a regular and daily tradition. Nonetheless, the Lilliputian justice is equally disposed to reward and to punish: a citizen can claim, among other privileges, a financial reward and the status of â€Å"Snilpall† if he is able to provide enough evidence that he has been strictly lawful during the last 73 moons. Note that when an individual is accused of some crime, the conventional notion of fairness in a trial implies that the defendant is considered innocent until proven otherwise. From this perspective, the presumption of innocence is widely used in modern court systems. Nonetheless, in Lilliput society the burden of proof becomes inverted when a citizen claims the title of Snilpall for he is assumed guilty until proven otherwise. A shift in the burden of proof from plaintiff (in this case, the state) to defendant (the citizen claiming the status) presumably increases the likelihood of denying the reward to a lawful citizen, but decreases the probability of rewarding unlawful citizens. It is necessary to emphasize that in eighteenth century England the issue of gender equality has been regarded as theoretical for distinctions in gender were significant. According to Swift, Lilliputs’s society had the female nurseries, where â€Å"the young girls of quality are educated much like the males†¦ [and they] are as much ashamed of being cowards and fools as the men† (Swift, 55). Therefore, Captain Gulliver did not notice â€Å"difference of sex,† though some daily exercises for women â€Å"were not altogether robust.† Indeed, modern societies of America and Europe no longer make difference in gender, however, some reservations are held in the area of â€Å"robustness† specifically to males. Swift illustrates the absurdity of the conflict made on the basis of pride between the Lilliputians and the Blefescuns. Although the conflict around the question of how one should break an egg, â€Å"eleven thousand persons have, at several times, suffered death, rather than submit to break their eggs at the smaller end† (Swift, 41). Swift embedded in the following statement: â€Å"†¦ all true believers shall break their eggs at the convenient end† (Swift, 41). According to Swift, the matter of convenience should be left on every man’s conscience, and this idea left some room for speculation. In modern context, the right to break an egg from any side can be compared with one’s right to express opinion within censorship free society. Practically, there still are societies where censorship is considered to be a legitimate way to regulate social relations and relations on the individual-government level.

Free Essays on The Runaway Universe

Donald Goldsmith graduated from Harvard College in 1963. He continued his education at UC Berkeley, where he earned a PhD in astronomy and where he later became a professor. Over the years, he has taught astronomy courses at many world-renowned institutions, including Stanford University, Cornell University, and University of California at Santa Cruse. For his achievement in popularizing astronomy, Goldsmith received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Astronomical Society, and the Science-writing Award from the American Institution of Physics. Goldsmith has written and edited over fifteen books. Some of his most famous works are: Worlds Unnumbered, Supernova! , Voyage to the Milky Way: The Future of Space Exploration, Worlds Unnumbered: The Search for Extrasolar planets, Einstein’s Greatest Blunder? The Search for Life in the Universe, The Astronomers, Space Telescope: Eyes above the Atmosphere, Nemesis: The Death- Star and Other Theories of Mass Extin ctions, and Mysteries of the Milky Way. For many years scientists have been attempting to discover the secrets of the universe. For as long as recorded history, human curiosity has been concerned with what the universe is like and how it began. In his book Runaway Universe, Donald Goldsmith describes observations of distant supernova and teams of astronomers who compete to find ways to attack mysteries of the universe, including the bending of light by gravity, the formation of galaxies billion years ago, and the faint after growth of the creation. The Runaway Universe is an intriguing story filled with captivating information about the discoveries of the great astronomers of the twenty century. The book also addresses the current main problems of cosmology and opens a window into the future of the universe. Throughout the book, Donald Goldsmith emphasizes the historical development of astronomy and examines evidence submitted by the leading groups of scien... Free Essays on The Runaway Universe Free Essays on The Runaway Universe Donald Goldsmith graduated from Harvard College in 1963. He continued his education at UC Berkeley, where he earned a PhD in astronomy and where he later became a professor. Over the years, he has taught astronomy courses at many world-renowned institutions, including Stanford University, Cornell University, and University of California at Santa Cruse. For his achievement in popularizing astronomy, Goldsmith received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Astronomical Society, and the Science-writing Award from the American Institution of Physics. Goldsmith has written and edited over fifteen books. Some of his most famous works are: Worlds Unnumbered, Supernova! , Voyage to the Milky Way: The Future of Space Exploration, Worlds Unnumbered: The Search for Extrasolar planets, Einstein’s Greatest Blunder? The Search for Life in the Universe, The Astronomers, Space Telescope: Eyes above the Atmosphere, Nemesis: The Death- Star and Other Theories of Mass Extin ctions, and Mysteries of the Milky Way. For many years scientists have been attempting to discover the secrets of the universe. For as long as recorded history, human curiosity has been concerned with what the universe is like and how it began. In his book Runaway Universe, Donald Goldsmith describes observations of distant supernova and teams of astronomers who compete to find ways to attack mysteries of the universe, including the bending of light by gravity, the formation of galaxies billion years ago, and the faint after growth of the creation. The Runaway Universe is an intriguing story filled with captivating information about the discoveries of the great astronomers of the twenty century. The book also addresses the current main problems of cosmology and opens a window into the future of the universe. Throughout the book, Donald Goldsmith emphasizes the historical development of astronomy and examines evidence submitted by the leading groups of scien...