Essay on Art History in Tourism and Leisure - 2305 Words

During the late nineteenth-century, Impressionism was influenced by the tourism industry and industry of leisure. The new en plein-air paintings were introduced to many artists earlier that period. This essay will discuss paintings from Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir, looking into some of their paintings and the affection from the uprising industries as mentioned. Social unrest in France was a part of history. Monet’s and Renoir’s paintings served as documentary of the emergence social history, depicting the lifestyle of late nineteenth-century France. The rise of both tourism and leisure seem to be the subject matter mostly in Monet’s and Renoir’s paintings. The following paragraphs will first discuss the industrial revolution and†¦show more content†¦Before Monet and Renoir, Eugà ¨ne Boudin and Johann Barthold Jongkind often visit tourist destinations to paint en plein-air (in outdoors) . Through actual travel experiences, artists gaine d inspiration outside of their familiar cities, producing travel landscape paintings of the nineteenth-century period . As a result, those plein-air landscape paintings often include the transformation of France that was so different from the Renaissance period. From the industrial revolution, we knew that tourism and leisure were middle- and upper-class activities. Paintings were brought back to the cities promoting tourism and leisure . Therefore more people were fascinated about tourism and leisure. â€Å"Leisure was a performance, and the thing performed was class† . Social life had always been a great pride in human life. With the money and time to travel and pleasure themselves, people often do it to differentiate their class status with others, especially recognizing the gap against the poor. As Herbert wrote, â€Å"it was a leisure that subsidized creativity† . Artists’ paintings themed with leisure often relates with the Impressionists as they explore the expression of natural painting. Impressionists Monet and Renoir did their works alongside the industrial revolution and those paintings verified the changes during its period. The art produced was to be said as ‘salutaryShow MoreRelatedThe Diagram Above S hows Recreation, Sports, Tourism, And Parks Essay1532 Words   |  7 Pagesabove shows recreation, leisure, sports, tourism, and parks as being interconnected, with each possibly depending on each other for success. Recreation refers to an activity that in individual participates in with a structured timeframe (Introduction, 2013, p. 4). Leisure has multiple meanings, one being â€Å"Unobligated time, state of being, and consumption patterns,† in addition to occurring outside of working life (Introduction, 2013, p. 4). Sport occurs during leisure time, either as an activeRead MoreHistory And Development Of Tourism1572 Words   |  7 Pages 1.1 History and development of tourism The activity of tourism begins with the rich people, with images of long visits to spas and coastal resorts or religious tourism, then Thomas Cook designed the Grand Tours before it becomes social and global phenomenon. It should be noted that in most countries, transforming tourism into an economic activity on a national scale has occurred in the second half of the century. Furthermore, the consolidation of tourism has led to appearance of the provision ofRead MoreThe Impact Of Tourism On The Tourism Industry Worldwide1270 Words   |  6 PagesResponsible tourism/travel is about making better places for people to live in and better places for people to visit. It also means that you travel lightly, with a small carbon footprint, respecting people and places, while making a positive contribution where possible. Ecotourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of the tourism industry worldwide. It has spawned voluntourism, wildlife tourism and geotourism (tourism to areas of geological interest.) There’s also a growing interest in ‘sustainableRead MoreTourism : Tourism And Heritage Tourism2020 Words   |  9 PagesHERITAGE TOURISM Growth of Tourism and Heritage Tourism Tourism is one of the world’s fastest-growing industries and businesses, employing 7.4 million people in the United States with a payroll of $183 billion, and federal, state, and local tax revenues of $113 billion. Tourism contributed $704 billion to the United States economy in 2009. Tourism is the third largest industry in Texas, directly supporting 500,000 jobs and indirectly supporting 419,000 jobs. In San Antonio alone, the tourism industryRead MoreA Research Study Of Event Tourism1206 Words   |  5 Pagescountries established the event tourism organizations and companies. Adelaide is the capital city of the state of South Australia (SA), the event arm of SA name Event South Australia which actively supports the events and festivals through strong recognition and sponsorship (South Australian Tourism Commission official website 2016). The study of Event tourism: definition, evolution and research (Getz 2007), identified the events play an important role in tourism, the events can be planned or unplannedRead MoreKlklklk1004 Words   |  5 PagesTOURISM MANAGEMENT A. Introduction: 1. History of Tourism Historical research of tourism has revealed distinctive indicators which are shared equally all over the world. Incorporated in social, economic and cultural environment, tourism followed a sequel path assuming various shapes in its gradual development. It is already accepted scientific project entitled â€Å"History of creation tourism†. Study of tourism history is important for learning about the key features of growthRead MoreCultural Impacts Of Cultural Tourism1517 Words   |  7 PagesCultural tourism has been a significant aspect of growth for any country in the world. Cultural interactions between the hosts and guests are vital to the sustainability and progression of tourism in a country. Tourists may initially be drawn to a particular destination’s architecture, history or leisure facilities however exposing the tourists to cultural events and dissemination of cultural information can get tourists to categorize the country as a frequent travel destinati on for vacations andRead MoreGreek Mythology And The Ancient Greek History935 Words   |  4 PagesGreece caught my interest because it is a country with myths, traditions, history and living culture. This destination was chosen not only for its incomparable natural beauty, but because it is a magical place, full of discoveries, charm and secrets. I have always been interested in the ancient Greek history. The first time I learned about Greek mythology was in middle school. I enjoyed learning about the Greek Gods such as Zeus, Athena, and Poseidon, the tales would amaze me. Even watching theRead MoreTravel and Tourism Administration Program Structure20692 Words   |  83 Pagesï » ¿TRAVEL AND TOURISM ADMINISTRATION PROGRAM STRUCTURE No. Course name and number Contact hours per week Number of credit units per semester SEMESTER ONE Compulsory subjects: 1 TOU 111 – Introduction to Tourism 3 3 2 TOU 115 – Fares Ticketing I 3 3 3 TOU 117 – General Travel Knowledge I 3 3 4 ENG 121 – The Technique of Writing and Language Studies 3 3 5 COM 103 – Computer Fundamentals I 3 3 Electives: One of the following three 6 CYP 111- CyprusRead MoreAssessing The Trend Of Domestic Tourism Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesASSESSING THE TREND OF DOMESTIC TOURISM IN MOLE NATIONAL PARK. INTRODUCTION The nature, value and extent of international and domestic tourism have changed significantly in recent years. Because of its propensity to generate substantial economic benefits such as employment, foreign exchange, income and tax revenues (Nowak et al., 2003), developed countries and developing countries in particular, have embarked upon tourism-related development policies (Heidarabadi, 2008). On the other hand, in

Walt disney companys yen financing - 1838 Words

CASE STUDY THE WALT DISNEY COMPANYS YEN FINANCING Alexandra Molnà ¡r Laure Vigneron Manuel Aguilee Pimprapai Lertamornkitti Pranav Goyal EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Walt Disney, an American leisure and entertainment company, receives royalty payment from Tokyo Disneyland every year. The royalties were denominated in yen and were constantly growing and becoming significant for the company (8 billion Yen in 1984, with 10-20% projected growth). However, the depreciation of the yen against the dollar could incur the risk of devaluation on the royalties to be received, indicating that Walt Disney should perform hedging. Different solutions are available. First is to (1) buy options to sell yens for dollars or to buy dollars with yen. However this†¦show more content†¦Anderson to hedge this risk of foreign exchange. Mentioned below are the different options that were available for Mr. Anderson to hedge this risk. First solution that the company could have used is to buy/sell options. But the problem Mr. Anderson faced for this was the short-term nature of this solution. Indeed, such options existed with at best a maturity of two years, which was not good enough for the timescale he was considering (10 years horizon). The Future Contracts option, which would permit the Walt Disney Company to exchange Yens against Dollars at a pre-defined rate (and would protect them from the on-going depreciation), is apparently the same issue: it is impossible to find contracts with maturities of more than two years. The Walt Disney Company could have entered a foreign currency swap as they did last year by trying to convert part of their dollar debt into a yen liability. This type of hedge was short-term since Disneys Eurodollar note issues matured in one to four years. The problem regarding such hedging was first it was very difficult to find attractive yen swap rates for such maturities (one to four years), and secondly it would not provide any additional cash to Disney, which is something Mr. Anderson was looking for. That short-term issue could have been dealt with FX forward contracts. Unfortunately, the banks would consider these contracts as a part of their total exposureShow MoreRelatedWalt Disney Company’s Yen Financing Case Essay4601 Words   |  19 PagesIntroduction: The Walt Disney Company is the largest media conglomerate in the world and is headquartered in Burbank, California, USA. It was established by Walt and Roy Disney in 1923. Since its inception, Disney has grown vastly so that operational areas now include theme parks, motion pictures, television dramas and consumer products. In 1955, the most charming place in the world was ‘Disneyland’ was open for the public. The idea was to create a magical place for the whole family. EverRead MoreThe Walt Disney Companys Yen Financing, Harvard Case Study1352 Words   |  6 Pagesthat it becomes more expensive to buy  ¥ and more expensive to buy the foreign import. Risk can work both ways: if the ex-rate is 125 ¥ / $ (dollar appreciates, Yen depreciates) in 6 months, the cost is only $800. In this case, the dollar got stronger, so it became cheaper to buy Yen, and the foreign product (priced in a fixed amount of Yen) became cheaper. Ex-rate volatility (currency risk) means the cost of parts could range between $800-1250 over the next 6 months for the U.S. manufacturer. ImagineRead MoreWalt Disney Case2290 Words   |  10 PagesThe Walt Disney Company’s Yen Financing International Financial Economics Universiteit van Amsterdam Question 1 Should Walt Disney Company hedge its yen exposure? Why? On April 1983 Tokyo Disneyland started to operate. The Japanese company that operated this park paid royalties on certain revenues to Walt Disney Productions. The Yen royalties receipts in 1984 already reached a height of 8 billion Yen. The director of finance of the Walt Disney Company expected a further growth of 10% toRead MoreAccounting 1-4 Chapter100452 Words   |  402 Pagesknow how to read financial statements, you can’t really know your business. Many companies spend significant resources teaching their employees basic accounting so that they can read financial statements and understand how their actions affect the company’s financial results. One such company is Springfield ReManufacturing Corporation (SRC). When Jack Stack and 11 other managers purchased SRC for 10 cents a share, it was a failing division of International Harvester. Jack’s 119 employees were countingRead MoreCase Study on Ebay18810 Words   |  76 Pages143 million user accounts acro ss the world. Through PayPal, individuals and businesses could send or receive money over the Internet. PayPal supported payments in US Dollars, Canadian Dollars, Australian Dollars, Euros, Pounds Sterling, and Japanese Yen. Buyers could also pay for their online purchases on various e-commerce websites and auction sites like eBay using the balance in their PayPal account. Though this mode of transaction was quick, there were also a number of complaints from disgruntledRead MoreSolutions: Income Statement and Pearson Education121412 Words   |  486 PagesTaxes Financial Distress, Managerial Incentives, and Information Payout Policy Capital Budgeting and Valuation with Leverage Valuation and Financial Modeling: A Case Study Financial Options Option Valuation Real Options Raising Equity Capital Debt Financing Leasing Working Capital Management Short-Term Financial Planning Mergers and Acquisitions Corporate Governance Risk Management International Corporate Finance 1 4 16 26 50 69 8 9 106 123 134 148 166 175 184 193 202 216 225 244 253 263 274 300 306Read MoreInvestment Bodie Kane Notes30163 Words   |  121 PagesEurodollar bond. 2. Foreign bonds: bonds issued and denominated in the currency of a country other than the one in which the issuer is primarily located. A Yankee bond is a dollar-denominated bond sold in the US by a non-US issurer. Samurai bonds are yen denomiated bonds sold within Japan. Municipal bonds are issued by state and local governments. They are 3. similar to Treasury and corporate bonds except that their interest income is exempt from federal income taxation. 1. two types of municipalRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesindependence. With the holding company focusing its attention on the return on capital employed (ROCE) from the group, Roberts argues that there was, in fact, a high degree of attachment between the centre and the business unit that he studied. The holding company’s preoccupation with Wnancial returns highlighted the importance of economic performance and its central role in the mediation of the meanings, ties, and interests prevailing within the group. Moreover, the Wnancial routines and resources of the holdingRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesprescriptions could the author take besides the four mentioned here? Generate your own list based on your own experiences with stress. The Case of the Missing Time At approximately 7:30 A.M. on Tuesday, June 23, 1959, Chet Craig, manager of the Norris Company’s Central Plant, swung his car out of the driveway of his suburban home and headed toward the plant located some six miles away, just inside the Midvale city limits. It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining brightly and a cool, fresh breeze was

Do Aliens Exist Essay Research Paper Just free essay sample

Make Foreigners Exist Essay, Research Paper Merely about 500 old ages ago people believed that the Earth was still level, 50 old ages ago people doubted the being of an foreign life, 5 min ago the people of Earth believe that foreigners existed. Many persons around the universe have reportedly been contacted by excess tellurian existences. They allege that Earth is presently being visited by several different species of excess terrestrial. These persons report that excess terrestrials are sing the Earth because they are interested in detecting the development of the human species. This alone is non the lone ground we believe in the being of Extraterrestrial life and UFOs. Foreigners along with Unidentified flying objects exist because of Government Cover-ups, The Roswell Incident, Extraterrestrial Laws and Government Projects.The United States authorities is actively involved in secret military undertakings. For national security grounds the military supports these undertakings secret from the populace. We will write a custom essay sample on Do Aliens Exist Essay Research Paper Just or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some persons believe that the US authorities has already discovered excess tellurian intelligence but chooses to maintain it hidden from the populace. These persons believe that the armed forces has recovered excess tellurian trade and organic structures and may be in regular communicating with an excess tellurian intelligence. They believe that the authorities and the armed forces are traveling to great lengths to conceal excess tellurian contact from the populace. One secret the authorities covers up is a base known as Area 51, which could incorporate the truth about foreigners. Area 51 is a secret US military installing which lies merely outside of Las Vegas, Nevada ( USA ) . Area 51 is one of the most close topographic points on Earth ; so secret that it isn # 8217 ; t on any map and the US authorities denies its # 8217 ; being. The base has long been reported to house excess tellurian trade and foreign bodies-although no 1 can corroborate these allegations. Many persons have reportedly seen trade go forthing the base at dark, which are able to speed up at astonishing velocity and do rapid alterations in direction-far beyond any tellurian engineering. Area 51 was build in the early 1950 # 8217 ; s by the CIA to prove its top secret U-2 plan. The base was built for its great year-around winging conditions, farness and level lake bed on which to do tracks. Ever since the U-2 plan, Area 51 has been the trial country for the latest technological developments in the US military. Allegedly, Area 51 is the proving land for a new top secret hypersonic stealing aircraft undertaking called Aurora. Area 51 does incorporate many secrets: but does it incorporate any excess tellurian secrets? Skeptics argue that people could be misidentifying a new US military secret undertaking for excess tellurian trades. While, other research workers believe that the US military is winging captured excess tellurian ships. The replies lie deep below the Nevada desert locked off for history to detect. Another Cover-up was with the CIA and they even wrote a study about at that place findings. The study was released on August 2, 1997 and it was called? CIA? s Role in the Study of UFO? s ( 1947-90 ) ? which detailed how the bureau lied to the American populace about UFOs. The UFO sightings were a convenient manner for the CIA to deviate attending off from their covert operation of secret undercover agent planes. The admittance helped reenforce some research workers # 8217 ; belief that persons who saw a UFO could be sing a secret undercover agent plane, non an foreigner trade. Gerald K. Haines wrote the study, he is now a historian working for the National Reconnaissance Office. US President Bill Clinton # 8217 ; s CIA manager, James Woolsey ordered the study to be created after he had been questioned about the CIA # 8217 ; s engagement with UFOs. The study explains that the both the CIA and the United States Airforce conducted the UFO cover-up. During the Col d War, both bureaus hid their involvement in UFOs because they feared public cognition of the bureau # 8217 ; s involvement would do the UFO job worse. Both the CIA and the US Air Force felt the UFO job could be used by the Soviet Union to do an onslaught on the United States. The study concludes that the CIA was really interested in the UFO job until the early 1950s, but since has paid small attending to it. Over half of all UFO studies from the late 1950 # 8217 ; s through the 1960 # 8217 ; s were accounted for by manned reconnaissance flights ( viz. the U-2 ) over the United States. This led the Air Force to do deceptive and delusory statements to the populace in order to still public frights and to protect an inordinately sensitive national security undertaking. While possibly justified, this misrepresentation added fuel to the ulterior confederacy theories and the cover-up contention of the 1970s ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.odci.gov/csi/studies/97unclas/ufo.html ) ? On July 4th 1947 a rancher named William Brazel found wreckage scattered over his spread # 8211 ; 30 stat mis south of Corona. Brazel had found weather balloons on two other occasions, but was unable to acknowledge the dust in his field. The following twenty-four hours he took some of the wreckage and went into Roswell to demo the local sheriff. He met with George Wilcox, the local sheriff, who so contacted Roswell Army AirField ( RAAF ) to describe the unusual dust. Major Jesse Marcel, the intelligence officer of the 509th Bomber group, came to see the wreckage at the sheriff # 8217 ; s office. Major Marcel reported his findings to his commanding officer, Colonel William Blanchard, who so ordered Marcel to travel to the spread and roll up more of the wreckage. On July 6th Major Marcel took one vehicle and Captain Sheridan Cavitt, another intelligence officer, took a 2nd vehicle to the Brazel spread. They slept overnight at the Brazel spread and went to the debris field the follo wing forenoon. They discovered that the dust covered a big country and they collected adequate wreckage to transport in their two autos. The dust contained little spots of tin-foil-like metal and I-beams. These fragments exhibited unusual qualities: the tin-foil-like metal could be dead set and folded but it would turn up back out into its original form, the I-beams had hieroglyphic composing on them, both points were highly light-weight and could non be burned, broken, scratched, cut or torn. On his manner to the RAAF, Jessie Marcel stopped by his place and woke his household to demo them the unusual dust. Jessie Marcel had seen conditions balloons and projectiles before but nil like what they recovered from the Brazel spread. The wreckage was so driven to RAAF and transported in a B29 to the Wright Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio. On July 8, 1947, Colonel Blanchard ordered Second Lieutenant Walter Haut ( public information officer of the 509th ) to publish a imperativeness releas e stating the universe that the military had recovered a crashed a winging disk. The imperativeness release was issued and it caused a world-wide esthesis. The military converged on the Brazel spread and Mr. Brazel was placed under observation. The Brazel ranched was searched by military forces and allegedly an excess terrestrial craft with four alien bodies was recovered a few kilometers away. The wreckage was brought to the RAAF, it was crated, stored in a hangar and then flown to Wright Patterson Air Force Base. On July 9th, 1947 General Ramey, the Commanding Officer of the Eighth Air Force, held a press conference in his office at the Eighth Air Force Headquarters in Fort Worth Texas. General Ramey announced that what had crashed at the Brazel Ranch was a weather balloon, not a flying saucer. He then showed the press the weather balloon recovered from the ranch. The press interviewed Mr. Brazel on July 9th and found his story had changed. William Brazel now said that he found the wreckage on June 14th but didn’t pay much attention to it until July 4th. The wreckage he found consisted of rubber strips, tinfoil, scotch tape, paper and sticks. The events in Roswell, New Mexico during July 1947 have now become known as the Roswell Incident. The Roswell Incident still receives a lot of attention to t his day. The US Air Force has come out with three different reports since the Roswell Incident; each with different versions of the story. One thing is for sure, people will continue to be puzzled by the mysterious events surrounding the Roswell Incident. In addition to the cover-up of this story there is also a tape that was discovered. In 1997 Ray Santilli stunned the world with an autopsy film taken of an extra terrestrial. The film allegedly portrays an extra terrestrial autopsy conducted in Roswell New Mexico during July 1947. The extra terrestrial was allegedly one of the bodies recovered by the US Air Force during the Roswell Incident. Skeptics have attacked the film and called it a forgery designed to enrich Mr. Santilli. Skeptics have also questioned the authenticity of the film and believe that it is an elaborate hoax. The holes in Mr. Santilli’s story are very large and he has made very few efforts to prove the authenticity of his film. Someday the truth about the alien autopsy film will surface making Ray Santilli a hero or a hoaxster.On July 16,1969, a little known US law was passed called the ‘Extra Terrestrial Exposure Law’ that made it illegal for the public to come in contact with extra terrestrials or their vehicles (Title 14, Section 1221 of the Code of Federal Regulations). Anyone found guilty of such contact could be imprisoned for one year and fined $5,000 US. As well, any individual who has been ‘extra terrestrially exposed’ could be quarantined under armed guard by the NASA administrator without a hearing. The law was removed on April 26, 1991 ’since is has served its’ purpose and is no longer in keeping with current policy (http://www.execpc.com/~vjentpr/etlaw.html). The law was passed originally to protect the earth from possible biological contamination resulting from the United States Apollo Space Program and other related space exploration programs. It has been suggested that the U.S. government was very concerned that contact with extra-terrestrial bacteria could result in a worldwide plague. The immune system of human beings would not be able to combat the extra-terrestrial bacteria; therefore any ‘extra terrestrial exposure’ was taken very seriously. People in the UFO community were alarmed with the Extra Terrestrial Exposure Law because its broad wording could allow the U.S. government to prosecute people in NASA along with individuals in the general public who come into contact with extra-terrestrials and their vehicles. UFO believers found it interesting that on the one hand the government was denying they had any interest in extra terrestrials yet they had a law on the books that forbid contact with extra terrestrials and their craft.There are two projects that the government ran about aliens. The two projects are Project Blue Book and Project Aurora. Project Blue book was a program was started in 1947 and was terminated on December 17, 1969. Project Blue Book investigated 12, 618 UFO sightings and 701 of those sightings remained unidentified. Critics felt that the investigations of the UFO sightings were sloppy and unscientific. The critics believe that Project Blue Book was merely a public relations campaign designed by the US Air Force to calm the public’s fears about UFOs. The critics believe the ultimate purpose of the report was to cover up the truth about UFOs. The Final Results of the project were no UFO reported, investigated and evaluated by the Air Force was ever an indication of threat to our national security. There was no evidence submitted to or discovered by the Air Force that sightings categorized as â€Å"unidentified† represented technological developments or principles beyond the range of modern scientific knowledge. Lastly, there was no evidence indicating that sightings categorized as â€Å"unidentified† were extraterrestrial vehicles (http://www.af.mil/news/factsheets/Unidentif ied_Flying_Objects_a.html). Project Blue Book was a continuation of previous military projects to research the UFO phenomena- Project Sign and Project Grudge. The project was headquartered at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. The mission of Project Blue Book was to investigate the alarming number of UFO reports and draw a conclusion from their research on the origin of UFOs. Project Blue Book was supposed to put an end to the UFO debate but it only intensified the controversy. Project aurora is another project that the government ran. Individuals have reported seeing unusual triangle-shaped aircraft flying over the United States. A high number of these sightings have been around Area 51. Some individuals believe that these sightings provide evidence that the US government is flying captured extra terrestrial craft. Other researchers believe that these individuals are merely witnessing tests of the latest top secret US aircraft. The United States government has allegedly produced a hy personic stealth aircraft that can fly Mach 6 named Aurora. The mission of the Aurora aircraft is to provide aerial reconnaissance anywhere in the world. Many individuals believe it would be easy to mistake the Aurora aircraft for a UFO due to its’ alleged shape and flight performance. Unfortunately, due to the secretive nature surrounding the operations of Area 51 individuals are unable to obtain physical proof that these strange craft are secret test planes or extra terrestrial craft.Aliens along with UFOs exist because of Government Cover-ups, The Roswell Incident, Extraterrestrial Laws and Government Projects. Someday, sometime, and somewhere we will know the answer to all these questions. The government is up to something and what could they be hiding that they don?t want you to know. How long will it be before the public knows? The question that goes through the minds of many now is ?Do Aliens Exist Luke 12:3 – Therefore whatever you have said in the dark shall b e heard in the light, and what you have whispered in private rooms shall be proclaimed upon the housetops.

It Was Saturday, October 21, 2000. free essay sample

It was Saturday October 21, 2000. I was ten. I decided I wanted to play with my dolls hair, but for some reason I wanted to be outside. I walked out in my pajama’s holding my American Girl Doll and sat down on the familiar cement walkway that lead up to my front porch. I remember the feeling of the warm cement on the back of my legs. I was looking down when my friend Trey and his mom Margie walked up. They said hi and I looked up. We had a short conversation where Trey told me he would be going to Rachel’s birthday party later that day and that they were walking downtown to buy her a present. They left, and soon after I went back inside my house. My best friend Kelly called me later that day and invited me over. I got dressed, grabbed a sweatshirt, and walked over to Kelly’s. We will write a custom essay sample on It Was Saturday, October 21, 2000. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Just as it was getting dark my mom called and told me that she coming to pick me up. I was out on the trampoline when I heard my moms van pull into the driveway. I walked over to it, pulled open the sliding door and got in. My mom started crying as she told me that she had something important to tell me. In the split second before she told me I thought about what it might be. I thought about my dad, and the fact that at the time he was quite often caught stealing my mom’s pain medication. I figured he had done this again, and that I would be able to go back to Kelly’s. Then the words came out, â€Å"Trey was playing tag at Rachel’s birthday party when a tree branch fell off and landed on him. He is in the hospital and probably won’t make it.† I sat there in silence listening to the screams of my brother and mom. The van backed out of the driveway and we headed home. The minute I walked into my house the phone rang. My mom picked it up. It was my dad calling from the hospital to give us an update. My mom then gave me the update that Trey was brain dead. He was only alive because life support was making his heart beat. He would never smile, laugh, or talk with me again. He was no longer truly alive. I walked up to my room, sat down at my desk, and screamed. Then for the first time of my life I prayed. I prayed that his parents would make it through everything, and that I would be okay. I took out a piece of binder paper, and with gold ink I wrote a letter to Trey. I told him what a great friend he was, how much I would miss him, and that I truly loved him. I woke up the next day and was told he had been taken off life support. His parents had donated his organs. I don’t remember anything from that day. I was completely numb. On Monday I headed to school with my bags packed for fifth grade camp. When I walked up all the students were talking about â€Å"the kid that got hit by the tree.† I started crying and wasn’t sure if I would be able to make it through the week. I told my friends that I had grown up with Trey. I spent the next five days hiking in the woods, and it comforted me. I was in the place that had created and ended Trey’s life, with friends that cared about me as much as I cared about Trey. I managed to have one of the best times of my life that week, which made me realize that my prayers had been answered. I would be okay. Now seven years later I look back on my experience with Trey’s death in awe. I’m amazed by my ten-year-old self and the fact that I found hope during the hardest time of my life. Since then I have lost far too many friends. Each time I think about my experience with Trey, and I know that everything will be okay. I head out to the beach, the forest, or even just a meadow, and everything begins to work itself out.

Ahead of the pack, USP Magazine - Emphasis

Ahead of the pack, USP Magazine Ahead of the pack, USP Magazine Rob Ashton explains how to use writing skills to become a recognised industry expert. If you take a poll to find the worlds top music executive, the chances are that most people will say Simon Cowell. There may be other executives with more talent and panache. You can even argue that his fellow judges are more musically adept. But Cowell has positioned himself as the expert. The public are divided revering and reviling him in equal measure. But what he says goes. No-one can deny his status and authority in the music industry. As a sales professional, you could do well to take a leaf out of Cowells book. The market for office supply equipment is crowded, with many brands jostling for space. Your prospects need a shortcut to enable them to decide who to buy from and what to buy. There often isnt time for them to kick-back with a cup of tea and analyse the messages youre communicating through your sales and marketing material. But you can stand out by positioning yourself as an expert. Prospective customers will start to see you as a trusted advisor before theyve even engaged your services. And they will be more likely to buy from you as a result. Expert status can lead to other opportunities, such as giving speeches or hosting workshops, which again make selling easier. Its a virtuous circle. Yet, we Brits can be a self-deprecating bunch. We often prefer to operate our businesses and careers with as little fanfare as possible. The thought of public speaking can send shivers down our spines. But through writing, even the most unassuming character can shine. And writing reports, articles, white papers and blogs can help you to become the preferred provider in the industry. Whats more, good writing doesnt just have to be an innate skill: its something you can learn. These seven steps will help you write your way to expert status. One Consistently show how your company differentiates itself in the marketplace. Dont be afraid to recommend doing things differently. Two Be curious about your clients. What really makes them tick? Get to know your clients inside out by asking lots of questions, rather than making assumptions about what they need and want. Three Then write from their perspective, not yours. Think beyond the products or services you offer and focus on how your business has an impact on the lives of your clients. Whether youre writing a brochure, pamphlet or article, you need to focus on your clients needs. Begin by asking yourself: What is the document about? Who will read it? How much do they already know about the subject? What do they absolutely need to know? How important is the subject to them? How interested are they in the subject? (Note that readers arent always interested in whats important to them. So you often need to make them interested.) To become a trusted advisor, your writing needs to be clear and punchy. You can achieve this with careful planning. Brainstorm everything you want to include in your document using the headings Who?, What?, Where?, When?, and Why? Then only include what you think is essential for your readers to know. Your document will be much clearer as a result. Four Comment on relevant industry stories by writing letters to magazines. Use the SCRAP formula: Situation Begin by explaining the situation (or where the industry is). Complication Introduce the idea that theres a problem (why the industry cant stay as it is). Resolution State your answer to the problem. The reader will think of you as an expert because you can offer a practical, considered, solution. Action Suggest what action the reader can or should take. Offer a viewpoint that is new and intriguing. Politeness Finally, end with a polite but thought-provoking sign-off. Five Suggest article ideas to trade newspapers and magazines. The best articles to position yourself as an expert are how-to features. You could reveal the secrets behind photocopier maintenance, or how to eke the most out of ink cartridges, for instance. Send a synopsis of the article to the magazine first. Write a snappy headline and standfirst (the two lines under the headline). Then write an attention-grabbing opening paragraph and a few bullet points about what your article will include. The magazine editor can then give you further guidelines to ensure your article is a hit with the readers. Six Blogs have a worldwide audience of millions. So its well worth setting up a blog and using it to connect with your clients. Pay careful attention to every post you make. Only write things you dont mind being broadcast on the 10 Oclock News. Dont ever gripe about clients or competitors: Seven In your writing, include examples of how you and your company make a real difference to people. Make your writing personal. Its more powerful to write that one in five people found that their ink lasted longer than to use the term 20 per cent. Speak directly to the reader by using words such as you, we, us and our. And use the active voice as much as possible. For instance, weve helped over 1000 customers with their printing needs is far more effective than Over 1000 customers have been helped with their printing needs. Positioning yourself as an expert is a skill that will serve you throughout your whole career. Even if you decide you want to sell condos in the Caribbean in the future, the skills youll learn are transferable. You may not achieve the wealth and fame of someone like Simon Cowell. But you can forge your way as a leader in your industry. And with a little thought, care and attention, your expert status will pay dividends. Rob Ashton is Chief Executive of Emphasis, the specialist business-writing trainers.

Free Essays on Java Class Design

Methods, classes, constructors, variables, return types, static methods, 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Definition of a Class The first thing that must be known when designing a class is that the class is just a blueprint. The class in itself does not actually have reserved space in memory. The class can be thought of as â€Å"the data type of the object† [1] because the object is defined by the class. Actions that can be performed on the object will be defined by the methods that the class contains, so those methods must be practical to the description of the class. 1.1.1 Definition of a method A method is a â€Å"group of programming statements that are given a name† [1]. Every Java application must have a main method. The main method is kn... Free Essays on Java Class Design Free Essays on Java Class Design Sorting Techniques in Java David Feaker Tennessee Technological University 1325B Virginia Ave Apt. 1 Cookeville, TN (865) 376-6790 Dafeaker21@tntech.edu ABSTRACT This paper will explore the different concepts of class design that are generally accepted for the Java programming language and object oriented programming. This paper will take into account the considerations that must be made for the sake of readability and it will also compare and contrast the theories of class design in which either larger, more comprehensive classes are implemented or several smaller classes. This paper will also discuss what effects the design methods will have on the efficiency, reuse, and maintenance of the code. Categories and Subject Descriptors The introduction gives basic class knowledge. Nested classes gives information on nested classes. Static declaration gives the facts about static declarations. Class design theories presents 2 theories of class design. Other information about classes gives miscellaneous information. Freeing memory in Java. General Terms Algorithms, Management, Measurement, Design, Experimentation, Languages, Theory, Keywords Methods, classes, constructors, variables, return types, static methods, 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Definition of a Class The first thing that must be known when designing a class is that the class is just a blueprint. The class in itself does not actually have reserved space in memory. The class can be thought of as â€Å"the data type of the object† [1] because the object is defined by the class. Actions that can be performed on the object will be defined by the methods that the class contains, so those methods must be practical to the description of the class. 1.1.1 Definition of a method A method is a â€Å"group of programming statements that are given a name† [1]. Every Java application must have a main method. The main method is kn...

Energy Security in the Middle East Research Paper

Energy Security in the Middle East - Research Paper Example The research paper "Energy Security in the Middle East" discusses the energy security in the Middle East by focusing on various aspects such as energy security threats as well as global issues that are associated with energy security. Access to cheap energy has become significant in the functioning of modern economies. A significant vulnerability has emerged as a result of uneven distribution of energy supplies among various countries. Energy security is defined by international energy agency as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at a reasonable price. There are various aspects that have been associated with energy security. They include both short–term and long term energy security. Short-term energy security tends to focus on the ability of the system of energy to respond promptly to immediate changes in the supply-demand balance whereas the long term energy security deals with the timely investment targeting energy supply and in line with environmental needs a nd economic developments. There seems to be a consensus on the issue of energy security achieving a certain significance since the energy shocks that was witnessed in the 1970s when present asymmetries between energy consumers and geographical distribution resources had been consolidated by most countries especially in the Middle East that depends on petroleum. Since then energy security has been incorporated into debates of the international relations theories. The existing international relations theories have demonstrated various approaches.

Persuasive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Persuasive - Essay Example Indeed, certain basic assumptions about the leadership qualities especially which relates to the individual approach of tackling issues and objectives, may create a vast difference to the results achieved. While leader is endowed with many qualities but exemplary leaders is one who encourages freedom of choice. Leaders are not pre defined and molded into certain stature. They are people who may be in the position to influence and motivate others to give their best. Organizational leadership assumes special meaning because it motivates and encourages others to strive towards common goals with renewed enthusiasm. It is equally important that certain basic assumptions about the organizational leadership qualities especially which relate to the individual approach of tackling issues and objectives, may create a vast difference to the results achieved. Leadership assumes special meaning because it motivates and encourages that target group within the population that plays a crucial part in the future of nation building processes. Through effective communication and dissemination of information, the leadership promotes empowerment. It is vital for leaders to empower other people so that their decision making power is greatly enhanced through exercising informed choices effectively. Empowerment can be broadly defined as freedom to exert one’s choices for their own good by implementing them. In the contemporary time, empowerment has become one of the most crucial issues among the masses as it directly influences the welfare of the individuals and the society at large. Empowerment facilitates realization of self worth, instilling self confidence in one’s ability to make independent decisions about themselves, especially with relation to their socio-economic and political decisions. Hence, an empowered person has more options and freedom to transform those choices into concrete action plans for the betterment of self and the

Market Structures Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Market Structures - Research Paper Example Following are the five market structures with the explanation of the scenario in which they are described in the book. Pure Competition A market structure is known as ‘pure competition’ when there are a large number of sellers or firms in the market. Due to the presence of a large number of sellers in the market, there is no possibility of the presence of monopoly, oligopoly or difference in prices. The competition brings the prices of products to a point that is determined natural by the market forces i.e. the demand and the supply. The example of pure competition in the book is given when the author describes the hamburger stands and restaurants that are located at the Route 66. The number of business operating in that one market is very large and the products provided by those businesses are almost the same. The example in the story suggests that there are a large number of small businesses that offer quick meals, candy, medications, gasoline and other essential commo dities. In the presence of a large number of sellers and substitute products, the buyers are given with a complete freedom to choose any feasible seller. In such a scenario, the sellers cannot keep prices any higher than those prevailing in the market. The impact of such a market structure on the sellers is not so beneficial as they are not allowed to keep a high profit margin and the profit they make is normal profit that is determined by the market forces. However, buyers on the other hand, are benefitted by such a market structure as they do not have to pay any higher than the normal price. In some circumstances, when there is excess supply in a perfect competition, the prices may lower even further due to the laissez faire market forces. Monopolistic Competition Monopolistic competition is a market structure that is the opposite of the perfect competition. Unlike perfect competition, in monopolistic competition, the products are differentiated and there are less or no substitute products in the market and the number of firms is also low. This scenario benefits the sellers as they are free to charge any price for any buyer. From the story line, the example of monopolistic competition can be extracted from Chapter 26 when one of the characters goes to market in order to buy some groceries. It is found out that all the prices, even those of the basic necessities, are inflated and there is nothing the buyer can do against it. This scenario rises because there is product differentiation and price differentiation in the market. The character, Ma, is surprised at each price she is told for the products she wishes to purchase. She even reminds the shopkeeper that not long ago the prices were significantly less than what he quotes and the shops in the town offer lower prices. Other sellers are present in the market that has been indicated as ‘town’ in the book, but the monopolistic competition in intact due to the geographic location and price differen tiation. Therefore there are no substitute products in the market. The sellers are free to charge any price at any profit margin and the buyers would have no influence over the prices and they would be compelled to buy at the inflated prices. Thus, in a monopolistic competition, the number of sellers in the market does not impact the overall competition due to lack of substitute products. The sellers are benefitted from this situation because they are free to

The Border Cave South Africa History Essay

The Border Cave South Africa History Essay Mr. Barton W. E at first exhumed Border Cave in the year 1940. Throughout the periods of 941-1942, numerous Middle Stone Age industries were exposed. Additionally, an infant interment was established in the assemblage. These discoveries directed archaeologists to believe that there might have been previous hominid occupation in the Border cavern location. Geologist H. B. S. Cooke did geological studies of the Border Cave assemblages. In 1974, a hominid mandible was found during an excavation along with younger MSA layers. In recent years, other archaeologists including K. W. Butzer, P. B. Beaumont, and J. C. Vogel have done further excavations that revealed the youngest layers of the MSA to be 49,000 BP (Butzer, Beaumont, and Vogel 317). Location Border Cave is a cave, which is located within Zululand in South Africa. This is approximately about 400 m from Swaziland. The caves mouth opens west towards the Lembobo Mountains. These mountains are 650 meters in height and stretch north and south along 35 km wide Loweld plain. At the steps of the mountain, there are steep cliffs and escarpments. The major river of Ngwavuma River cuts through the Lembodo Mountains. The drainage lines in this area flow from west to East and have created many valleys. The Lembodo Mountains consist of many different types of rocks, but most of these types of rock are geomorphic including basalts, and ecca shales. The formation of The Border cave is attributed to differential weathering. Due to the rates of erosion, it has been determined that the large amount of the cave formed during the Pleistocene. Today, the Border Cave is circular in shape and is 40 m in width (20). The climate at Border Cave is hot in the summer and dry during the winter. From Mozambique to the Coastal Plain, the climate is a warm tropical savannah. In addition, the Lowveld is warm-mesothermal, semi-arid, without any large areas of water. Finally, the Lebomdo Mountains has climate that is sub humid. Actual rainfall numbers vary from 500m in the lowlands and 900 m in the highlands. Most of the rainfall about 75-80 % occurs during the summer. The average temperatures as measured in Nsoko records the highest mean temperature occurring during the month of January 25-26 degrees Celsius, and that the coldest monthly average occurs during June 10-0 degrees Celsius. Daily ranges can be extreme in a tropical climate. Although frosts due occur sporadically at Lowveld; Border Cave is frost-free (24). Dates The four hominid specimens found in Border Cave site layers of BC1, BC2, BC3 and BC4 are believed to be examples of anatomically modern humans. According to the assemblages and dates, these layers represent the MSA industries. The hypothesis of an early Pleistocene appearance of Modern Homo sapiens is supported by the findings at Border Cave. However, many archaeologists have questioned the validity of these findings because of the inconsistencies in the stratigraphic sequences (Rainer Beaumont and Christopher 22). The archaeologists used a number of dating methods in order to accurately date the layers of BC1, BC2, BC3, and BC4. Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) was used on 25 teeth found in the layers. The ESR measurements were done by two to four pieces of enamel from each tooth. Next, the uranium concentrations of the enamel and dentin were measured by neutron activation analysis (Grun, Beaumont and Stringer 1990). Based on these findings, BC1 and BC2 is ~less than 90 kya, BC3 is ~70-80 kya, and BC5 is ~50-65 kya. In addition, based on the ESR results the MSA-LSA transition is shown to occur ~35 kya earlier than often believed, and Howiesons Poort lithic industry is 45-75 kya (68). The dating of the lower levels at Border Cave has never been dated by one method. The Radiocarbon dating of these layers has been characterized as unreliable in the past. Due to this fact, it has been impossible to compare oxygen isotope record with the paleo-environment matches (Grun, Beaumont and Stringer 1990). According to the radiocarbon dating done on charcoal, the ages of the Border Cave are as follows, .65 kyr to 28.5 kyr for level 1BS.UP (below iron age layers), 33 kyr to 38.6 kyr for level 1BS.LR, 33 kyr to 45 kyr for level 1WA, and >41 kyr to 49.1 kyr for level 2BS.UP (33). Activity Areas Much evidence is present that shows that fires were quite abundant in the many of the layers of Border Cave. For example, in unit 1B, the bedrock is weathered and the colours of the sediments are discoloured to yellowish-brown. Diffuse organic matter causes this discoloration. Very dark-gray or black lenticular hearths can be found in about half of the strata. In addition, reddish oxidized aggregates have been found in unit 8. These findings show that the fires that were made in these areas burned longer and hotter than those in other areas. Also, bone ash has been found in units 3, 6, 8, and 11a. 139,000 bone fragments have been found in excavation 3A; however, only 313 bones can be identified that are not rodent. Excessive trampling of the bones around the fires caused many of the fragments to become unrecognizable (Butzer, Beaumont, and Vogel 1978).With regards to artefacts, micro-debitage was found in samples from units 3, 4, 9, 11a and 13. Most of the tools were found in units 5c, 6, 7b, and 10. The raw materials that were used include chert, rhyolite, quartz, and chalcedony. Some bone and wooden tools have been found in the later MSA layers, and ostrich egg shell beads have been found in the LSA layers (44). Given that written language was not rampart in several African cultures until the last century or two, past records of Africas history are uncommon. Yet, broken pots and buried beads, bricks and stones, as well as graves and bones may articulate as clearly as words on a page to palaeontologists, archaeologists, in addition to others competent to interpret them. Archaeology, the study of the material traces left by persons of the ancient times, is the most important resource regarding how Africans have lived at various times in the during their long history. Between 1920 and 1930, Archaeologists first discovered fossils of humanlike australopithecines. The significance of these finding was not instantaneously acknowledged, but ultimately palaeontologists become conscious of the fact that australopithecines are the most primitive human ancestors. Most possible they survived on wild foods as well as scavenging carcasses slain by large animals. A number of of the australopithecine fossils discovered in the region were persons exterminated by animals, and the sites where they were established do not essentially signify the places where they lived or made stone and bone equipments. a number of archaeological sites in southern Africa, such as Klasies River Mouth on the coast of South Africa and Border Cave in Swaziland, harbour skeletons of Homo sapiens alongside the substantiation of modern behaviour such as the progress of family groups, food sharing, and the premeditated use of resources. These locations may be more than 100,000 years old. Archaeological substantiation has revealed that, throughout the Late Stone Age, individuals of southern and central Africa were principally nomadic, moving with the periods linking low-lying lands and mountainous areas. They ensnared and hunted animals, collected a wide range of plant foods, and used aquatic resources such as shellfish. In addition, they also carefully buried their deceased, occasionally placing different objects in the grave, as well as decorated multifarious images on the walls of the shelters made of stone. The potential significance of the findings to be discovered derives largely from their relevance. During analysis of the stone artefact assemblage, a small particularly with reference to Border Cave was found to have potential for future research and significant contribution to future MSA studies. The artefact was recovered from an MSA context and thus necessarily Lithostratigraphy of Border Cave, Kwa Zulu, South Africa: a Middle Stone Age sequence beginning c.195000 from Sibudu. The micro mammalian fauna from Border Cave is analysed in terms of community composition and structure. Changes in these aspects are interpreted as indicative of changes in vegetation and climate in the vicinity of the cave during the period of deposition. It would appear that vegetation comprised relatively extensive forest or thick bush and dense grass during wetter phases and fairly open savannah woodland, even open grassland, during drier periods. Variation through time in mean mandibular size in two species of Crocidura (musk shrew) was different both in the two species and from what was expected. It now seems likely that the size change constitutes a response to complex phenomena and not simply to changes in temperature. Comparison with the Boomplaas A sequence indicates that the same general pattern of change is reflected at both sites but that there was greater amplitude of change at Boomplaas A and that 18O stage 4 was dry at this site but wet at Border Cave. Evidence for periodic changes in the distribution of various species, and in some cases the mutually exclusive occurrence of ecologically equivalent species, has implications for the zoogeography of the species involved. In particular, the occurrence of Pelomys fallax (creek rat) in the lower half of the sequence is of interest in view of its present distribution 600 + km north of Border Cave. Hominids from the site of Border Cave purportedly provide direct evidence for the early emergence of anatomically modern humans (AMH) in Southern Africa. ESR dating of Border Cave faunal enamel has confirmed the antiquity of the sediments, although questions persist regarding the provenience of the hominid specimens. Here we establish that, at Border Cave as elsewhere, bone mineral crystallinity, measured as the infrared (IR) splitting factor (SF), distinguishes between contemporary and recent bones on the one hand, from Middle Stone Age (MSA) bones on the other. Two hominid postcranial bones recovered in 1987 from a slumped profile, having essentially no provenience, are shown to have crystallinity indices consistent with the MSA fauna, while two of the purportedly ancient AMH specimens (BC3 and BC5) have values consistent with recent fauna. We conclude that BC3 and BC5 may be considerably younger than the sediments from which they were recovered. The archaeological deposits at Border Cave date back more than 150 000 years and are evidence of Africa having most certainly been the origin of modern humans. The site was first investigated by Prof. Raymond Dart in 1934 and he demonstrated a Middle Stone Age sequence to be present to the bedrock. In 1941 and 1942 H.B.S. Cooke, B.D. Malan and L.H. Wells returned to the site and extended Darts excavations Theirs, and subsequent excavations, have yielded incredibly rich archaeological material, including the remains of an infant, dating back about 100 000 years, buried in a grave with a shell pendant and red ochre staining suggesting that the body had been sprinkled with ochre at burial. Recent excavations have helped to clarify the cultural and stratigraphic sequences at Border Cave, and human skeletal remains recovered at this South African site may well be associated with a Middle Stone Age industry. A partial adult cranium is of particular interest, and this was originally described as quite different both from African Negro and from Bushman individuals. Eleven measurements were taken on the fossil, and these provide a basis for comparison of Border Cave with other crania drawn from extant African populations. Discriminate analysis shows clearly that the cranium lies close to the Hottentot male centroid and is within the range of modern African variation for the measurements employed. It is heavily constructed but not archaic in the fashion of Florisbad or Broken Hill. If the case for antiquity is regarded as firm, then the Border Cave skeleton suggests the presence of Homo sapiens in southern Africa before 50,000 B.P. and perhaps as early as 115,000 B.P. Hottentot or Bushman-like people may thus have inhabited southern Africa for a long time. This would be consistent with a phyletic view of human evolution, postulating an in situ transition from archaic to more modern man. Whether migration and replacement of populations may have occurred elsewhere is another question, and there is no reason to exclude this as a possibility on a local level, even if waves of replacement did not sweep the Old World late in the Upper Pleistocene. The hominid and archaeological site of Border Cave (KwaZulu, South Africa) has a stratigraphic progression that covers the Middle and Later Stone Ages. It has been projected that four hominid specimens discovered there characterize very early instances of anatomically present humans, and thus supporting the idea of an early late-Pleistocene emergence of modern Homo sapiens in Africa. This early emergence, on the other hand, has been queried, basically because of suspicions concerning the stratigraphic positions linked with the specimens and for the reason that of short of a steadfast chronology for the stratigraphic sequence. The results of the first complete radiometric dating study of Border Cave, by means of electron spin resonance (ESR) on teeth within sediment layers although younger than some age estimates supported the early incident of anatomically modern humans at Border Cave. Recently, human geneticists and some paleoanthropologists have also proposed an African origin for anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens), although much of the proof cited is from non-African sources mainly Europe and the Middle East. Fortunately these models have stimulated reassessment of the sub-Saharan Middle Stone Age (MSA), the archaeological phase between 200,000 and 30,000 years ago which represents the beginnings of regional variation in technology and cultural adaptation as well as the period in which modern humans appeared. Long ignored by East African archaeologists in favour of the earliest cultural record, or, at the other extreme, Neolithic and Iron Age research, the MSA is critical to the evaluation of models of the emergence of our own species. The current arguments concerning the origin and dispersal of modern humans have been reviewed, and the importance of the MSA for the resolution of the problem. It also describes the results from a 1990 survey for MSA sites conducted in south-western Tanzania within the framework of these current models. Industrial development is represented in terms of early industries like Oldowan , Acheulian, Middle Stone Age, Later Stone Age, Lupemban Industry and Sangoan Industry Paleolithic archaeologists working in Africa divide pre-history into the Earlier, Middle and Late stone Ages, while the workers in Europe use the terms Lower, Middle and Upper Paleolithic. Lupemban industry a sub-Saharan African stone tool industry dating from the late Pleistocene, and began in like 40,000 years ago. This industry was copied from and substituted by the Sangoan industry, which is eminent in the sub-Saharan forested areas of Africa. The Lupemban industry is characterized by reasonably small, well-shaped tools such as chisels, adzes, planes (probably demonstrating intensive woodworking), side scrapers, and blades (Archaeology and Prehistory  ¶1-6). The most distinguishing feature of Lupemban tool is an elongated, lance late bifacial tip that is habitually very beautifully and finely flaked. Sangoan industry,  sub-Saharan African stone tool industry of Acheulean origin dating from about 130,000 to 10,000 years ago. It is more or less contemporary with the Faure smith industry of southern Africa. The Sangoan industry was discovered in 1920 at Sango Bay, Uganda, and is also found in other countries such as Zambia, Kenya Congo and Angola. Alternative forms of Sangoan are found in South Africa and Zimbabwe. The Sangoan industry is categorized by a class of pick, huge planes for woodworking, flake knives, scrapers, and hand axes. Early Oldowan sites span ~2.0 to 2.6 Ma and are found in Ethiopia, Kenya, Zaire, Malawi, possibly South Africa, and are associated with Homo sapiens, Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis. Classic Oldowan industries are characterized by bipolar and direct percussion, cores and flakes plus choppers, discoids, spheroids, and standardized small tools, including scrapers on flakes or fragments, rare burins and protobifaces, utilized unmodified flakes; and rare worked bone. Developed Oldowan stone technology is similar to Classic Oldowan but with a reduced percentage of core-choppers, discoids, polyhedrons and heavy-duty scrapers; more refined light-duty scrapers, denticulates, burins, the first appearance of awls and edge-trimmed flakes. Working of bone tools continues. In later phases of the Developed Oldowan a few crude bifaces may appear, at least where there is influence of contemporaneous Early Acheulian as in Africa. The Early Acheulian represents a major new innovation in stone knapping, the production of flake blanks, which are, in turn, used as cores for flaking more useable flakes. Products include crude hand axes with sinuous edges and large flake scars, trihedral picks, rare cleavers. The Early Acheulian has a large component of flakes; chopper, polyhedron, spheroid, heavy-duty scrapers. There is an absence of Levallois or other prepared core reduction techniques. Middle Acheulian tool technology (~500 ka to ~1 Ma) is characterized by standardization of blank shape and reduction techniques (e.g., Kombewa, Victoria West in Africa); more regularized hand axe shapes (cord form, amydaloid, lanceolate, oval), cleavers with bits made using a single flat surface scar, trihedral picks, and flake tools (mostly denticulates, notches, scrapers). Some assemblages have only core-choppers and flakes and these may be interpreted as different technological traditions, for example, persistence of Developed Oldowan, or just different function assemblages within the same tradition. Later Acheulian tool technology is characterized by bifaces that are more symmetrical and refined than in the Middle Acheulian, with well-made, sometimes beautiful, cordiform, amygdaloid, and ovate hand axes. In some assemblages ovates dominate. There is greater use of soft hammer; increase use of Levallois technique, but some sites no Levallois; disappearance of core-choppers; and often the length of hand axes decreases. Denticulates, notches, and scrapers continue. In Africa late sites contemporaneous with Final Acheulian, may have stone assemblages that contain a few blades. Just as the Developed Oldowan was contemporaneous with the Early Acheulian innovation, so the Final Acheulian is contemporaneous with the Middle Paleolithic/Middle Stone Age. Final Acheulian tool technology is characterized by multiple reduction strategies, Acheulian bifaces, sometimes made on Levallois flakes, Levallois and disc cores; variable presence of hand axes, cleavers as well as points and blades. Early Middle Paleolithic (Early Middle Stone Age) (~150 to 300 ka). Just as the Early Acheulian innovation was contemporaneous with the Developed Oldowan, so the MiddlePaleolithic (Middle Stone Age) is contemporaneous with the Final Acheulian. First appearing in Africa and Southwestern Asia, Early Middle Paleolithic/Middle Stone Age tool technology is characterized by elongated or large, relatively thick, blades and point blanks flaked from radial, single or opposed platform cores, recurrent and some Levallois, with minimal preparation of striking platform; retouched points-many elongated, prismatic blades, end scrapers and burins common; no backed microliths; evidence of hafting points and blades (tangs, grooves, mastic); intra-regional point styles suggesting diverse cultural traditions; and use of colour pigments, which becomes extensive by Mid-MSA/MP. This technological innovation is associated with archaic Homo sapiens, such as Homo helmei in Africa. Mid-Middle Palaeolithic (Mid-Middle Stone Age) (~60 to 150 ka). This is the key time period for Homo sapiens out-of-Africa hypotheses. The Mid-MSA/MP technological mode appears in Africa around 150 ka and fades into the Late-Middle Paleolithic (Late MSA), which, in Africa, marks the emergence of the Later Stone Age (Upper Paleolithic) technology mode around 60 ka. I acknowledge this 60 ka lower boundary for the Mid-MSA as somewhat arbitrary; it is for purposes of simplification but also perhaps-at least from the limited perspective of my review-more fitting than, for instance, a 50 ka boundary as some would argue. In palaeoclimate terms, Mid-MSA assemblages appear to correlate pretty much with Oxygen Isotope Stage (OIS) 4 (~59-74 ka) and OIS 5 (~74-130 ka). Upper Paleolithic (Later Stone Age) (~5 to 60 ka; OIS3 ~24-59 ka; African dry spell 20- 60 ka). Early, Middle and Late Upper Paleolithic/Early, Middle and Late Later Stone Age tool industries are characterized by retouched blades and bladelets, scrapers on blades, small and microlithic tools; bone tools, soft hammer, and even more art than prior periods. Micro-Bladelet Mid- and Late-UP. As the focus of this meta-review has been the question of the occurrence of major waves of globalization in modes of tool making and symbolic behaviour and given the mass of research findings available on Upper Paleolithic sites across the regions, I gathered only highlights of a partial subset of sites. Keeping this limitation in mind, considering Mid-UP assemblages, especially those using micro blade core reduction for bladelets and backed blades and bladelets, by region it appears that this specialized technology appears in Africa around 30 ka. Backed microliths occur at Enkapune ya Muto Shelter, Kenya, from the earliest EUP level almost ~50 ka (AS1998), though if counted as EUP, then early micro blades occur, for example, at Ntumot, Ntuka River, Kenya, (14C, AAR) ~30-32 ka (AS2002). Border Cave has now yielded more than one million Stone Age implements, as well as the remains of at least 43 mammal species, including elephant and three others that are now extinct. Also revealed in the cave was the Lebombo Bone,one of the few oldest known artefact related to the essential arithmetical activity of counting. Dated to 37 000 BP, the Lebombo Bone is a little section of baboon fibula which has been engraved with 29 notches, similar to the calendar sticks still used by Bushmen in the Kalahari today. The remains of Early and Middle Stone Age people have been found, especially Middle Stone Age from the pulse in the warm period, maybe 125,000 years ago. The Border Cave archaeological site in the Lebombo Mountains on the modern border between KwaZulu-Natal and Swaziland are of more importance in Africa, and the world, with continuity of occupation at least from that time.

Essays --

Globalization is made up of social, economical, technological, heritage, and political alterations that display interdependence and development. Globalization rises the benchmark of living in nations, broadens technological information, and heightens political liberation. The major origin of globalization is the leverage from other nations. Globalization is a method that outcomes from human change and technological development. The communal effects of globalization are apparently illustrated in Peru. Once a third-world homeland topped up with scarcity and oppression, Peru is now transitioning into a evolved nation. In Peru, globalization has increased the human development index, empowered women, and conceived a more powerful country. One of the advantages of globalization on a communal grade is an increased Human Development Index. The Human Development catalogue is a estimation of a country's communal, political, and economical development in comparison to other countries in the world. The Human Development catalogue rates each country with a tally between 0 and 1, with 1 being the most advanced, globalized homeland. components that are engaged in determining a country's HDI are gross household output per capita, life expectancy at birth, mature person scholarly, and the number of persons enrolled in informative organizations. In 1975, Peru's Human Development catalogue was a 0.643. By 2003, the Human Development catalogue had risen more than one tenth to 0.762. The substantial boost of Peru's HDI is a clear indication that globalization has made a affirmative influence. From 1975 until 2003, globalization has caused a 2% boost in the adult literacy rate. throughout the same time time span, the scarcity rate to fallen 6%. Wom... ... more mighty that person is. Those persons desire to have the wealthy get more affluent and the poor become even poorer, so they are probably against globalization. Whereas globalization may not be the flawless answer to end all of the world's difficulties, it is a good start. Countries that adopt globalization, such as Peru, have benefited tremendously. Globalization is good for a country's finances, politics, and most significantly for its persons. Peru was one time a third-world country ravaged with poverty, oppression, and a need of learning. Globalization has contributed to the decrease of scarcity, bigger literacy rate, and the liberation of women in Peru. The consequences of globalization can be identified in Peru and all around the world, when technological information is disperse, free trade is boosted, and political or social liberation is accomplished.

The Selfish Hedonist

â€Å"I'll have a husband yet / who shall be both my debtor and my slave / [†¦ ] for mine shall be the power all his life† (Chaucer 262). In The Canterbury Tales, the Wife of Bath, also known as Alison, presents herself as the authority on marriage and marital life. She comments on the social and legal position of women in marriage and daily life. She claims she has her knowledge from experience, not from scriptural authority. She dictates her life story of her five previous relationships with her fellow pilgrims to show her experience. Rather than rejecting scriptural authority, she appeals to logic thus rejecting too strict interpretations of scriptural rules and commandments. She gives ridiculous details of her marriages, including her marrying old wealthy men so that she could get their money once they died. After telling the unreasonable details of her relationships, she goes on to tell a tale about an old hag and one of King Arthur's knights. The old hag forces the knight to marry her after she helps him with a life-saving question of â€Å"What do women most want in life? The Wife of Bath attempts to portray the idealness of a woman's domination in the end yet she fails because the old hag becomes passive again. Through the Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale in The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer portrays the Wife of Bath as a selfish hedonist and feminist trying to gain complete control over men. Her new stand on women's supremacy only shows her selfishness because she wasn't trying to make a difference or revolutionize anything, she was only trying to gain personal benefits. The Wife of Bath's prologue is used to explain the basis of her theories on authority and sovereignty. The medieval Church at the time of the Wife of Bath saw her as a wicked woman, and she boasts about it with pride: â€Å"If I turn difficult, God give me sorrow! † (262). â€Å"Her marrying three old men in succession is a violation of not only of the law of common sense but even of the law of Nature, who would bring together those of comparable age† (Oberembt 288). Marrying another man after already being married previously is already a scandalous crime for this time period. Now to marry someone much older than herself a few times in a row is wrong not only in the eyes of God, but it is wrong along the lines of common sense too. The text of the Wife of Bath's Prologue is based on an allegorical ‘confession' in which she tells her sins to her audience in her life story: â€Å"O Lord, I wrecked their peace / innocent they were, without remorse! † (Chaucer 268). She confesses to deceiving and tricking her husbands just so she could get money and admits to arrange a fifth marriage while still in her fourth. In doing so, she demoralizes herself to try to be better than a man. Having more power than a man means she gets to decide, yet she goes and ruins her own reputation just so she can have an edge over men. Her rebellion against patriarchal authority and the abusive treatment of particular men expressed by the Wife of Bath are really but the projections of her selfish attitude: â€Å"His pleasures were my profit, I concurred† (269). She does not care about anyone but herself and she chooses to display that willingly. She has a self-centered interpretation of the marriage. Oberembt uses the argument that she was only twelve years old in her first marriage and that she was unable to conceive a child with her first husband which could've lead to her â€Å"frustration† (Oberembt 288). Through her words, and mostly through her actions, the Wife of Bath expresses her views on a wife's domination through her own life story. The Wife of Bath's Tale is an exemplum, providing an answer to the question, â€Å"What do women want? † Chaucer uses the Wife of Bath to explain and give an example that women most desire sovereignty: â€Å"A woman wants the self-same sovereignty / over her husband† (Chaucer 186). The tale is Alison's idea of the perfect illustration of her point. The Knight gives in to his new old wife and therefore she becomes beautiful in his eyes because she has now been given the right to choose. But if one was to switch the roles of men and women in society, men would become a very meek and uncertain group of people who wouldn't know how to behave. â€Å"Thus the Wife of Bath comically inverted the conventional sex-linked male and female behaviors† (Oberembt 300). When the Knight of King Arthur lets the old hag make the decision, he abandoned the male's sovereignty in favor of the woman's rule: â€Å"My dearest wife / I leave the matter to your wise decision† (Chaucer 291). The Wife of Bath most likely sees her story as what she wishes would happen normally. But by her story, she's not changing anything or giving examples on how to change the present ways because no man is going to willingly give up his sovereignty only to have his wife rule over him. The Wife of Bath is an early extreme feminist who believed in women having the most power and command over their husbands: â€Å"You make the choice yourself† (291). â€Å"Through the Old Hag, Dame Alice persuades an unreasonable male chauvinist to renounce self-indulgence and to accept the only reasonable norm for human conduct† (Oberembt 300). She is the only person who believes that a woman's domination will make everyone happy. But on the man's side of the story, he is forced to give up his masculinity and become sensual only so that his wife can now become masculine. In the Wife of Bath's Tale, she attempts to convey her message that women want domination, yet with closer analysis one sees that her ideas do not seem to work out well. Chaucer seems to have made the relationship of the tale and the teller to force one to consider Alison's argument of domination. The argument in contrast to this belief is the idea that the Alison just wants a mutual relationship, one that is of giving and receiving: â€Å"His pleasures were my profit, I concurred† (Chaucer 269). If the Wife of Bath is telling us that marriage is all about having sex with your spouse just so that they could give you fancy things and money in return, there is no sign of a revolutionary idea. McKinley states that â€Å"each spouse's body becomes the property of the other by virtue of the new marital alliance† (371). If this is the case, then the couple has the right to each other and the right to have sex with each other and there shouldn't be any type of give and take mentality. In the end of the tale, the old hag relinquishes her power and never really becomes the dominant of the two: â€Å"‘And have I won the mastery? said she† (Chaucer 291). She becomes a passive wife when she gives up her power by giving the knight what he wants. This is because the knight gives her the choice to choose and it seems as though she now has complete control, yet she gives up her power when he wants to have sex with her and she resigns his power and listens to him. The Wife of Bath's Tale ultimately contradicts Alison's belief of female domination in that the woman never gains domination over the man: â€Å"My dearest wife / I leave the matter to your wise decision [†¦ ] [Sir,] Do with my life and Death as you think best† (291). The language and acts of self-sacrifice, obedience, and submission seem to suggest the very antithesis of self-actualizing, assertive behavior which feminism [and Alison] has championed (McKinley 373). † Throughout the Wife of Bath's Prologue, Alison stands strong to the idea that women should have complete control over their husbands. One might think that the tale she would tell contains support to her ideas, but it does not. For in the end, Chaucer shows us that the Wife of Bath's idea of domination wouldn't work because she would eventually give her power up again only after just receiving it. Therefore, Chaucer depicts Alison as a selfish woman who wants authority over her husband and yet in the end he shows how her ideas would never work. One must come to the conclusion that the Wife of Bath only tries to express her belief in a wife's complete supremacy over their husbands. In the Wife of Bath's Prologue, Alison uses her experience to verify her theories on a wife's supremacy. She also uses Biblical examples to support her ideas, such as previous Biblical characters that had multiple spouses. But her life story is evidence to her views and without her personal input one would wonder whether or not her beliefs really would work. In the Wife of Bath's Tale, Alison most likely sees her story as what she wishes would happen normally. But with a closer look at the details, she's not changing anything or giving examples on how to change the present ways because no man is going to willingly give up his sovereignty only to have his wife rule over him. Also, the tale ultimately proves Alison wrong because the old hag becomes passive in the end after being given the control. Alison proves her theory wouldn't work, and Chaucer tries to explain why a woman's superiority wouldn't work too well through the old hag and her decision to give into the knight's request of sex.

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer¡¯s stone essays

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer ¡Ã‚ ¯s stone essays Unless you've been living on a desert island for the past few years, the name Harry Potter should sound very familiar to you. J. K. Rowling, an unemployed single parent, wrote the Harry Potter series.  ¡ Harry Potter and the Sorcerer ¡Ã‚ ¯s stone ¡ was the first book of the series, and it was adapted for the same name movie. The story was happened in England, and the main character in the movie was Harry Potter, a thin, small, clever boy and wore a pair of black glasses. The other two main characters were Hermione Granger and Ron Wesley. Hermione was a beautiful intelligent girl and Ron had red hair. They were Harry ¡Ã‚ ¯s best friends. Harry had an unhappy childhood. He had lived with his aunt, uncle and their son since he was a baby, and he wasn ¡Ã‚ ¯t a welcomed party of their family. When his 11 years ¡Ã‚ ¯ birthday came, he received a lot of letters from Hogwarts, a school for wizards. And then Harry realized his truly identity. His parents were both famous wizards, who were killed by an evil wizard named Voldemort. Voldemort tried to kill the infant Harry as well, but failed, leaving the boy undamaged except for a scar on his forehead. When Harry arrived at Hogwarts, he found himself to be in a magic world. He was faced with many difficult tasks, and with his friends help, he resolved the problems eventually. The movie was faithful adaptation of the novel, everything in the book was in the film. It gave you some of the best looking visuals. Everything in the movie looked so truly, just like reality. I like the novels, I like the movie, and I look forward to the new continuations coming soon. ...

5 Steps to Turning Your Professional Goals Into Realities

5 Steps to Turning Your Professional Goals Into Realities When in pursuit of major goals, it can be very easy to get bogged down in set-backs, failed attempts, and obstacles. Having a big goal as your only end game can be extremely daunting, and can often lead to giving up. Here are 5Â  strategies for rethinking how we outline our professional goals to achieve success more quickly–without quite so much anxiety.1. Make a perspective shiftWhen Thomas Edison said he came up with 10,000 ways how not to invent the light bulb, he didn’t classify himself as a failure times 10,000. He didn’t even view these 10,000 attempts as failures; they were merely ways of ruling out the wrong strategies. The moral here is to turn your failures into stepping stones toward your success. Reframe your minor stumbling blocks into paths forward, and keep your eye on the prize.2. Sweat the small stuffAnd by sweat we mean celebrate. In going after the big goals, it’s important to keep in mind that a certain amount of patience is required. These things don’t happen overnight. Rather than slog for years to get that big brass ring, why not take a little time out to celebrate the smaller victories along the way? The added boost can build up valuable momentum and can actually help you reach your end goals in better time.3. Experience and show gratitudeThe same goes for being grateful and appreciative of what we have achieved so far. It isn’t all or nothing. It’s important to stay humble and also to realize how much more we may have achieved or realized in our careers than others who never get the chance. It’s not all about the big goal. It’s important to appreciate the milestones along the way and show a little gratitude.4. Set yourself up for successIt’s often the small, regular habits and routines that train our brains and work ethics to keep striving for success and moving forward. Make sure you’re building these habits into your workdays and goals lists. Good habits are just as hard to break!5. Be in the presentIt’s important to keep your eye on the future in setting your goals. But it’s also crucial not to lose track of the present moment. Don’t take anything for granted. Don’t disregard any project because it seems insignificant compared to your ideal finale. Realize that it’s the combination of your efforts over the years that will make your success achievable.Remember: Don’t put too much pressure on yourself. Break your larger goals down into smaller, more manageable ones- and don’t forget to celebrate when you achieve them. Reward yourself; it will keep you going! Track your progress along the way towards your ultimate end goal. But do remember to keep things in the proper perspective. If you do all this, success will be within your reach, and the journey towards it will be much more enjoyable.

Analysis of Consumption Choices Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis of Consumption Choices - Lab Report Example The paper primarily analyzes purchase and consumption pattern of consumer (myself) as per the purchases made in two weeks’ period from 8th August to 21st August 2011. 2. Situational influences Purchase of goods made during the period could broadly be divided into four categories: convenience good; shopping goods; specialty goods; and unsought goods. While basic needs were responsible for purchasing convenience goods (annexure attached), the shopping items were deemed necessary primarily because of the need to be comfortable within and outside the academic area. The decision to buy shoes and clothes was influenced by the situation. The old pair of shoes was torn and I lacked appropriate clothes for formal occasions. The books and stationery were essential items and constituted important part of my study curricula. The specialty item like Apple iPad was instantaneous buy as all my friends had it and since I had recently received a little extra money from my parents, I thought I could splurge a little in luxury and save in essential. Maybe, reducing the consumption of cigarettes and keeping away from the temptation of going to sales and goods exhibitions would compensate the luxury buy! The purchase decision of unsought items during an exhibition was mainly influenced by its unique carving which attracted me. They were actually abstract buying and probably satisfied deep craving for the items. 3. Consumption perspectives The consumption behavior is subtle but complex process that takes into considerations various factors like perception of need for the product that could be influenced by personal choice or external elements. Perceiving the need for good can be triggered by the basic human need or through other media like advertisement. I had bought the Apple iPad because I had gathered the information from my friends and acquaintances who had bought the product and knew its super utility and functions. After sales service was also important issue while buyi ng shoes and iPad. Lee et al. (2002) assert that when the consumer experiences satisfaction in relation to the consumption, possession, maintenance, life cycle and the after sales service of the product purchased, he tends to repeat the purchase decisions. Pair of Nike shoes was bought because of satisfaction with the good. The other convenience goods had long term satisfaction history so needed no reference or external influences for buying the goods. In the current environment, the hedonistic and experiential goods have become major competitor of utilitarian products and services. Hedonistic goods are distinct in their pleasure that buyer receives when he/she consumes that good or uses it. The various goods that promote lifestyle statements are important examples of such goods. Experiential consumption, on the other hand is not need based but describes the consumption pattern of new breed of buyers who are motivated by mass culture of representative values of goods and services. I t differs from the hedonistic goods mainly in its feedback and conceptualization aspect. While hedonistic goods give pleasure to the buyer, with or without consumption, the experiential goods are just bought because they represent something important to the society at large. The goods could be bought as a status symbol, even though they do not have any

Project management and implantation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Project management and implantation - Assignment Example They include an extensive range of apartments, holiday bungalows as well as lodges at a diversity of holiday resorts as well as fascinating places. They encompass offices on high streets in a lot of cities plus include a premium and across the world popularity. The business is as well running an efficient computerized system for management and handling of the business operations and various tasks. The management of the France Vacancies (FV) has decided to enhance the services and handling of business in a much improved means. In this scenario the business of France Vacancies (FV) is going to establish a web based system for the enhanced and efficient management of the customer requisites for the booking. This research report is about the comprehensive analysis for the establishment of the France Vacancies (FV) online booking or reserving system. This online booking system will offer effective means and facilities for the booking of online seats and quick handling of the customer’s complaints. France Vacancies has attained enormous business progress. These encompass improved market arrangement to the business as well as its general operating framework. As business has achieved a number of improvements, a lot of business problems and a number of business complexities have been emerged. The current arrangement of the France Vacancies business is based on the manual system for the request processing as well as a little bit implementing database system facility. However in case of present age of the Internet the business requires huge support for the availability of an online business platform that can effectively support the business operations through the available internet connection that is available 24 hours and 7 days a week. However the present system is creating considerable problems for the handling of customer requests and various needs of

Leading Public Relations Efforts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leading Public Relations Efforts - Essay Example What made him influential among the masses was his understanding the need of the people and working accordingly, in the interests of the civil rights of the citizens. 2) The latest trends in marketing have been connecting with the customers emotionally so that they persuade the people to purchase the goods they are attached to. With this strategy, Kevin Roberts, CEO of Saatchi and Saatchi Advertising says "The brands that can move to that emotional level, that can create loyalty beyond reason, are going to be the brands where premium profits lie." Thus, clarifying that the premier goal of making profits can be achieved after establishing an emotional connection between the brands and the customers. 3) In both the above examples, the leaders left an impact of influence among the masses. The difference is that one persuaded the people towards their own interests, by making them understand their civil rights, and the other persuaded people as a marketing strategy towards more profit-making in their business. The times have also been different in both the cases, but talking of persuading the masses, both have had an iconic influence on the people. Both of them have been strategic leaders, by understanding the emotional levels of humans, they managed to gain their

Musical Impact Essay Example for Free

Musical Impact Essay In society today, music is shown to have an impact on ways of life. People within the society are raised with it in some way. Music is always present in society. It is natural then, to wonder about the origin of music. Music is a special type of sound and noises mixed in together. People create the meanings of these sounds and noises to create their own opinions and emotions of expressing themselves. Many people believed that music is created in the mind for this same reason. That we have the sounds and noises that are heard are within our own human being and along that, it can come once we are born with it. Although, this may not be true, due to the differences in today’s society, there are many aspects that can have a control of the musical taste of a person. Ones musical interests are not based on biology, rather the individual’s environment: community, culture, religion, and geography. First of all a community can effect an individual interest in music. The definition of a community is having the same beliefs, resources, needs and risks. When people tend to share and have the same interest they tend to also have the same interest in music. The term â€Å"community music† finds no more resonating tone than within minority groups working toward social acceptance and assimilation (Hayes 6). As shown in the International Journal we can see people tend to stick together in order to have the same identity and be accepted in the group. Also sharing the same risks and resources will help them have communication within each other, making it be easier on them to be able to relate. An example of this would be people in community, such as in Honduras, they have a lot of different beliefs. For example, in the burials, the community gathers around in order to their last goodbye to the deceased. Then they called upon a band, which in their thoughts mean that they celebrate the life of the deceased. They each sing and walk with the burial service and take them around. This event mentioned, to some may be disrespectful, but to Hondurans is a way to communicate with the dead. It shows that they respect him or her and show him or her that they are celebrating the life they had. Having communication in music brings to a community a better aspect to people and it is also very important for them. Yes, they can be sounds and noises to some, but many do not think that way. Like the people in Honduras, their beliefs are very important and they demonstrate them through music. Therefore, a community could determine a person’s interest in music because a community makes an individual do the same thing as other people. Another example would be, if a person listens to rock and they see that other people listen to it too, than they will would go ahead and hear it to. Secondly, culture is also another factor that influences music preferences on individuals. The culture of someone can affect the way of music choices. The two factors that generate culture will be academic knowledge and manners taught to each person (Yudkin 27). Each culture then possesses on its own musical language. This musical language reflects its own traditions, concerns, and activities; and in order to begin to understand the music of another culture, we need to understand something of the nature of its culture systems and the role the music plays in them (Yadkin 5). This is because many of the cultures have different academics and manners taught to them. An example is the culture would be of the Mandinka of Gambia in Senegal, they have a special musician leader, known as a jali. This leader is very important to the tribe due to that fact that he knows all the prayers and all the history of the tribe (Miller 44). As shown in this example each culture has its own special person and holds music as a special part of the community. The important part here is that a person needs to grow up somewhere. That place holds a significant knowledge making them a part of that culture group. With growing with them they hold a place within the culture. Music brings them all together making them communicate with each other easily and bring them normalcy. When this takes place the individual takes the musical knowledge and incorporates it into their system and beliefs. The beliefs that they incorporated can be seen in their academic areas. The literature, dance, and theater cannot go anywhere and do their expected ideas across without music. Music has to be in these areas in order to function well and be able to get the individuals culture across to the people. For example, dance cannot function without music. It gives the person the beats and the melody in order to create the feeling they want to get across to their audience (Miller 57). Dance also has different meanings in culture. A New Yorker can have a different rhythm than a person from China. This difference can be seen with the music they choose for their arts and their dance. It’s really difficult to be able to be prejudice to others cultures, because every culture is different. Music has that effect on society because it teaches the cultures and meanings of one’s society. The mixture of music to other society is also shown. Many of these arts can be seen throughout the world and from them people learn the differences in music. Music such as Jazz, Blues, and Gospels were produced when Europeans and Africans came together during the late nineteenth and twentieth century’s (Miller 61). Here we can see two cultures mixed in together and this is shown through their mix of their own music. Music can bring together worlds and is all due to its simplicity such as using their melodies and sounds. Music creates a new world for many people. The third factor that can affect the music choices of the individuals is the fact of one’s religion. Many religions do not allowed their followers to hear music from the outside world such hip-hop and rock. As said by Kong, â€Å"its nature is presented in a stylized and stereotypical fashion by the mass media the moral barricades are manned by bishops (Kong 104)†. An example of this is Christians and Catholics which have very different opinions regarding music. Christians is the larger group that includes Catholics. Christian women followers are not allowed to wear pants or the followers are not able to hear any type of music because in their regard they are preventing is a sin from them. While Catholic Church allowed their followers to wear their clothing with respect to God and be able to choose the type of music they listen to. As seen the music plays a big role due to the fact that Catholic churches make prayers into songs and sing them with their hearts, believing that God can be able to hear them (Miller kj187). While Christians cannot be able to do the same pray and sing to God due to the banned of music within their own. To many this is not unusual seeing the difference of worship. But once looked inside and see the music playing its role is different because it makes people think about what God thinks and which one he would prefer. If it is just music and prayers, then there is no music at all in its gatherings of worship. This is important because music can be seen playing a role in religions and making individuals having a different taste to the one with a Catholic follower. The religion of a person a can limit the person the knowledge of the evolution of the music outside their group. This can make it hard on them to relate to the others outside the society. The last and important factor that can make a difference in ones interest in music is the geography. Many people as seen can have different views and belief but geography make them have a different taste in music. We hear the melody, but we feel the beat. People in all cultures move their bodies to the rhythms of music, whether drumming, dancing, or rocking an infant (Silver and Trainer 2). This is important because a person in Los Angeles California will not have the same beats and rhythm as a person in London, Great Britain. Each part of the world is bound to have some type of music but the music differentiated in each part of the world. As mentioned in the seven themes of music geography â€Å"specific involvement with location of musical activities, such as the compositions and travels of their composers, rather than broader world distributions of regional delineations mentioned in Theme Two† (Nash and Carney 66). This means that even with culture and communities, music was first put into the field of geography due to the travels of the musicians and the spread of their ideas and tunes. This is important because it not only gives a way for questions to arise such the one that geography is the main factor as to the interest of music in humans. Due to the composers traveling, they spread around the ideas meaning that culture is affected and the belief is shaken with these ideas. The population of the countries is also a big factor because due to the fact that people are mixed together. People with different geography regions tend to have a different viewpoint of the world and music can be included in that. In conclusion this can be said, that these types of points can create music interest such one’s environment: community, culture, religion, and geography. This can be reasonable because people cannot be born with music interests. They are shaped by ones environment. People can have the same music interests if they shared the same belief and the same religion where they live. Music is very common in and around the world. Music is therefore a symbol to society because it represents the life and beliefs of people. Music can have a great impact on the life of people and this is important because this makes society. Music is evidently an important part of the lives of human beings. Music is reflected to our society we are in. The four aspects which are one’s community, culture, religion, and geography can determine each person’s interests in music rather than biological. Other factors can also relate to one’s musical preference, but the four aspects are the ones that are most common. Music is bound to be heard everywhere and without music the world would have hard times understanding things. Music is important to our world because it brings us together and also puts life and excitement. Music will always motivate people and will always be part of our lives. Without music, our society wouldn’t be the same including our feelings and impressions about it. Therefore, music brings happiness to our friends, and families, and all the people around the world.